Photoelectrochemical and Microprobe Laser Raman Studies of Lead Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid

Bullock, Kathryn R.; Trischan, G. M.; Burrow, R. G.

doi:10.1149/1.2119939

Cited by 57 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The electrolytes were prepared with sulfuric acid solution (J. T. Baker wt% 95-97) and fumed silica (Sigma-Aldrich, 7 nm, St. Louis, USA). Concentration of sulfuric acid and fumed silica are the key parameters to affect the performance and capacity of VRLA batteries [15,19,20]. The optimum amount of sulfuric acid and fumed silica those were determined in our previous study as 30 wt% and 6 wt%, respectively, were used in this study [15].…”

Section: Preparation Of Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Gel Electrolyte for Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery

Gençten¹,

Dönmez²,

Şahin³

2017

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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A novel gel electrolyte system used in lead-acid batteries was investigated in this work. The gel systems were prepared by addition of different amount of Al2O3, TiO2 and B2O3 into the gelled system consisting of 6 wt% fumed silica and 30 wt% sulfuric acid solution for the first time. The anodic peak currents and peak redox capacities of the gel electrolytes were characterized by cyclic voltammetric method. When B2O3 and Al2O3 were used as additives in fumed silica based gel electrolyte system, the anodic peak currents and peak redox capacities decreased. However, the investigated parameters in cyclic voltammetry (anodic peak current and capacities) increased by the adding of 3.0 wt% of TiO2 in the fumed silica based gel system. The solution and charge transfer resistances of the gel electrolytes were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. While the solution resistances were lower in gel systems having different amount additives than pure fumed silica based gel, the charge transfer resistance was the lowest in gel electrolytes consisting fumed silica and fumed silica-TiO2. The morphological differences of gelled systems were elucidated by scanning electron microscopic and optic microscopic analysis. The battery performances were studied by obtaining discharge curves of prepared gel electrolytes. The performance of gelled systems were higher than that of non-gelled electrolyte at room temperature. The mixture of fumed silica-TiO2 was suggested an alternative gel formulation for gel valve-regulated lead acid batteries. TiO2 can be a useful additive for gel-VRLA batteries.

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Section: Preparation Of Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Gel Electrolyte for Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery

Gençten¹,

Dönmez²,

Şahin³

2017

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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“…Figure 5a shows cyclic voltammograms of fumed silica based gel system, performed at different temperatures (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 o C). Obtained peak between -1.0 -(-0.9) V in given voltammograms represents the formation of lead sulfate from metallic lead (Figure 2a) [25][26][27]. When operation temperature was increased, the reaction between lead and sulfate occur faster [28].…”

Section: Temperature Effect On Electrochemical Behaviors Of Gelled Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Gençten¹,

Dönmez²,

Şahin³

2016

ANADOLU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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In this study, the effect of temperature on the electrochemical behaviors of gel electrolyte systems was investigated for valve regulated lead-acid battery at 0≤ T ≤50 o C. Fumed silica and mixture of fumed silica and TiO2 were used as gel electrolytes. TiO2 has a good combination with fumed silica. They were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and battery tests. The anodic peak currents and redox capacities of the gel electrolytes increased with increasing of temperature. The highest anodic peak current and redox capacity were observed at 30 o C in fumed silica and at 40 o C in fumed silica: TiO2 based gel systems. The solution and charge transfer resistance values decreased in fumed silica:TiO2 gel system by increasing temperature. In battery tests, discharge curves were obtained for each gel system at 0, 25 and 50 o C. The discharge time of mixture gel electrolyte system was higher than that of fumed silica based gel electrolyte at low (0 o C) and high (50 o C) temperatures. The best performance was obtained in fumed silica based gel electrolyte at 25 o C.

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“…During the past few decades the investigations have been concentrated mainly on the electrochemical kinetics and the mass transfer processes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] It has been found that PbSO 4 can be formed on the surface either via a dissolution-precipitation or via a solid-state mechanism. While the former takes place mainly in the case of lower anodic overvoltage and lower concentration of H 2 SO 4 , [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][17][18][19][20] the solid-state reaction is dominant for the formation of PbSO 4 at potentials above a critical value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrode processes during discharge and charging are rather complex and are governed by electrochemical kinetics, structural change, and mass transfer processes. During the past few decades the investigations have been concentrated mainly on the electrochemical kinetics and the mass transfer processes. − It has been found that PbSO 4 can be formed on the surface either via a dissolution−precipitation or via a solid-state mechanism. While the former takes place mainly in the case of lower anodic overvoltage and lower concentration of H 2 SO 4 , − ,− the solid-state reaction is dominant for the formation of PbSO 4 at potentials above a critical value. − , Valeriote and Gallop proposed that an anodic current corresponding to the formation of PbO 2 is controlled sequentially by three diffusion processes and two electrocrystallization stages …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy Study on the Surface Structure of a Lead Electrode during Redox Processes and Surface Atomic Arrangement of Electrochemically Formed PbSO₄ in H₂SO₄ Solution

1997

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Surface structure changes during redox reactions of a lead electrode and the atomic arrangement of the electrochemically formed PbSO4 crystal in H2SO4 solution were investigated by using electrochemical atomic force microscopy (ECAFM) under potential control. When the potential of the lead electrode was swept from -0.58 V vs Ag/AgCl to more positive potentials in 0.05 M H2SO4 solution, a large anodic current flowed and the electrode surface became flat and soft. This result suggests that a thick layer of fine PbSO4 crystals was formed on the electrode as a result of the dissolution-precipitation process. When the electrode potential became more positive than +1.5 V, PbSO4 was oxidized to PbO2 and clusters with sizes of about 100 nm were formed on the flat surface. The electrochemical reduction of the PbO2 resulted in the formation of large PbSO4 crystals whose sizes were more than 1 µm. The PbSO4 crystals had atomically flat terraces with step lines which were parallel to each other. An atomically resolved image of the PbSO4 crystal was obtained on the flat terraces. The large PbSO4 crystals collapsed to 100 nm sized PbO2 clusters upon electrochemical oxidation, and this cycle was able to be repeated for many times.

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Photoelectrochemical and Microprobe Laser Raman Studies of Lead Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Gel Electrolyte for Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery

A Novel Gel Electrolyte for Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery

Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy Study on the Surface Structure of a Lead Electrode during Redox Processes and Surface Atomic Arrangement of Electrochemically Formed PbSO₄ in H₂SO₄ Solution

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Photoelectrochemical and Microprobe Laser Raman Studies of Lead Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Gel Electrolyte for Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery

A Novel Gel Electrolyte for Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Battery

Investigation of the temperature effect on electrochemical behaviors of TiO2 for gel type valve regulated lead-acid batteries

Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy Study on the Surface Structure of a Lead Electrode during Redox Processes and Surface Atomic Arrangement of Electrochemically Formed PbSO4 in H2SO4 Solution

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Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy Study on the Surface Structure of a Lead Electrode during Redox Processes and Surface Atomic Arrangement of Electrochemically Formed PbSO₄ in H₂SO₄ Solution