Photodynamic therapy in dentistry: a literature review

Gürsoy, Hare; Özçakır-Tomruk, Ceyda; Tanalp, Jale; Yılmaz, Selçuk

doi:10.1007/s00784-012-0845-7

Cited by 273 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…This study indicated that S. mutans biofilms are susceptible to Violet-blue light with an exposure time of 5 mins suggesting that S. mutans contains an endogenous photosensitizer. The combination of a specific photosensitizer with a light source of appropriate wavelength, availability of oxygen and also the type of a particular organism or a group of microorganisms, plays a vital role in the application of photodynamic therapy [14,18,37]. The mechanism behind photoinactivation of S. mutans is not known, and to our knowledge only one study has used Violet-blue light with no photosensitizer on S. mutans biofilms [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light

et al. 2016

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Among various preventive approaches, non-invasive phototherapy/photodynamic therapy is one method used to control oral biofilm. Studies indicate that light at specific wavelengths has a potent antibacterial effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of violet-blue light at 380-440 nm to inhibit biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans or kill S. mutans. S. mutans UA159 biofilm cells were grown for 12-16 h in 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates using Tryptic Soy broth (TSB) or TSB with 1% sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with violet-blue light for 5 min. After exposure, plates were re-incubated at 37°C for either 2 or 6 h to allow the bacteria to recover. A crystal violet biofilm assay was used to determine relative densities of the biofilm cells grown in TSB, but not in TSBS, exposed to violet-blue light. The results indicated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease compared to the nontreated groups after the 2 or 6h recovery period. Growth rates of planktonic and biofilm cells indicated a significant reduction in the growth rate of the violet-blue light-treated groups grown in TSB and TSBS. Biofilm viability assays confirmed a statistically significant difference between Violet-blue light-treated and non-treated groups in TSB and TSBS. Visible Violet-blue light of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to inhibit S. mutans growth and reduce the formation of S. mutans biofilm. This in-vitro study demonstrated that Violet-blue light has the capacity to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Potential clinical applications of light therapy in the future remain bright in preventing the development and progression of dental caries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light

et al. 2016

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“…Meisel and Kocher 20 showed that the use of photosensitizing dyes and their activation with laser beams might result in the destruction of pathogens responsible for periodontal diseases and peri-implantitis. Gursoy et al 39 suggested that PDT might be an appropriate tool in superficial and local infections, and although it cannot be an alternative for antimicrobial agents, it might facilitate the treatment of oral infections. Therefore, considering the results of studies on the effect of PDT on periodontal pathogens, periodontal infections and periimplantitis, in the present study PDT was applied in the test group and its effects were compared with those of laser therapy (LT) alone in the control group.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Photodynamic Therapy In Treatment Of Peri-imentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy With Low-level Diode Laser in Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Side effects related to antibiotic therapy for peri-implantitis are rare in laser therapy (LT); therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LT and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on patients with primary peri-implantitis. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 40 implants presenting primary peri-implantitis in 20 patients with a mean age of 52.6 years old were included using the simple sampling technique. Periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing (SRP) was accomplished for the whole mouth while mechanical debridement with titanium curettes and air polishing with sodium bicarbonate powder was accomplished around the implants. The implants were randomly divided into two groups and treated with LT (control) and PDT (test). The clinical indices were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for analysis of microbial samples at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20, using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman's and MannWhitney tests (α = 0.05). Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in terms of bleeding on probing (P < 0.001), probing pocket depth (PPD) (P = 0.006) and modified plaque index (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.022), Tannerella forsythia (P = 0.038) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.05) in the test group and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.015) in the control group significantly decreased. Conclusion:The results suggested that LT and PDT have significant short-term benefits in the treatment of primary peri-implantitis.

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“…30 Photodynamic therapy has also been used to disinfect caries dentin before restoration, disinfecting oral tissues before or during surgical procedures, treating denture stomatitis, and treating oral candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. 31,32 With regard to bacteria involved in dental caries, Burns et al 33 showed that tolonium chloride (25 g/mL)…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapy In Dentistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics

Mohammadi¹,

Jafarzadeh²,

Shalavi³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Commonly used irrigants do not always eradicate the entire microbial flora in infected root canals. Therefore, several other strategies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed. Photoactivated disinfection is based on the interaction of a photosensitive antibacterial agent and a light source. It uses a nontoxic dye named photosensitizer (PS) and lowintensity visible light. In oxygen presentation, these combine to produce some cytotoxic species. The PS molecules attach to bacteria membrane. Irradiation with a specific wavelength of the light may lead to the production of singlet oxygen, resulting in rupture of the microbial cell wall. There are several applications for PDT in dentistry. A successful periodontal treatment is based on elimination of bacteria from the infected area. Phenothiazinium PSs have been shown to be highly effective and safe for this purpose. However, scaling/root planing should be performed before the PDT. While performing the PDT, PS should be first injected in the periodontal pocket and allowed to pigment. Then, the special fiber should be inserted 1 mm short of the pocket base and lased. Photodynamic therapy has also been used to disinfect caries dentin before restoration, disinfecting oral tissues before or during surgical procedures, treating denture stomatitis, and treating oral candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Photodynamic therapy can be used in combination with mechanical instrumentation and chemical antimicrobial agents, such as sodium hypochlorite, too. The purpose of this study was to review historical perspective, mechanism of action, and applications of PDT in dentistry and especially in endodontics was reviewed. Furthermore, the effects of PDT on dentin bonding and endotoxin are discussed.Clinical significance: Photodynamic therapy has been advocated to increase the disinfection level of the root canal system.

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Photodynamic therapy in dentistry: a literature review

Cited by 273 publications

References 110 publications

Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light

Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy With Low-level Diode Laser in Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics

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