Photodynamic therapy: a 5-year study of its effectiveness in the treatment of posterior uveal melanoma, and evaluation of haematoporphyrin uptake and photocytotoxicity of melanoma cells in tissue culture

Necrotic and apoptotic cell death of human malignant melanoma cells following photodynamic therapy using an amphiphilic photosensitizer, ATX‐S10(Na)

“…It has been reported that cells with melanin granules are minimally damaged by PDT [22], since the melanin granule works as a radical scavenger [25]. But the capacity of melanin to destroy radical species has been reported to be limited [27], and PDT alone as performed in the present study produced sufficient oxygen radicals to destroy melanoma cells.…”

“…It is difficult to meaningfully compare the phototoxic efficacy of ATX-S10(Na) with that of other photosensitizers, because we performed no comparative studies using the same cell settings. Although they used white light for excitation, Favilla et al [22] reported a phototoxic effect of HPD on human melanoma cell line RVH-421 with a dye concentration of 5 mg/ml. RosenbachBelkin et al [23] reported that a high cytotoxic effect was obtained with 18 mM of HPD with a light exposure of 550 nm and a longer wavelength.…”

Photosensitization and controlled photosensitization with BODIPY dyes

“…Afterwards, lung tumors [7], esophageal cancer [8] and gastric carcinoma [9] patients were treated with PDT and promising responses were obtained from early-stage patients [3]. In subsequent studies PDT was utilized as a treatment method for following tumors and cancer types: brain tumors [10][11][12], intraocular cancer [13][14][15], breast cancer [16][17][18], head and neck tumors [19,20], pancreatic cancer [21], gynecological tumors [22,23].…”

Perspectives of Photodynamic Therapy for Skin Diseases

“…In a clinical trial, 36 patients were treated with HpD-based PDT for posterior uveal melanomas. Long-term follow-up studies (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis) showed that by the end of the first year, 76% remained free of melanoma, at the end of the second year 62% were melanoma-free and after 5 years 38% of the patients remained free of melanoma [68].…”