Photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial biofilms using photosensitizers based on octacationic derivatives of phthalocyanines and bacteriochlorins

Abstract

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy is a promising method of treating local infected foci, especially surgical and burn wounds, trophic and diabetic ulcers. This work explores the photophysical and antibacterial properties of novel phthalocyanine- and synthetic-bacteriochlorin-based octacationic photosensitizers (PS). The results of the study confirm their low degree of aggregation at high concentrations, as well as high efficiency of photodynamic treatment of Gram-negative bacterial biofilms.

Natural Photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

“…Biyiklioglu et al [ 137 ] showed that phthalocyanine derivatives exerted a favorable antibacterial effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Phthalocyanine derivatives exhibit a photodynamic fungicidal effect [ 138 ] and a strong APDT effect against Gram-negative bacterial biofilms [ 139 ]. Phthalocyanine derivatives have also shown strong photodynamic antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium [ 140 ].…”

“…Phthalocyanine derivatives have also shown strong photodynamic antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium [ 140 ]. Moreover, chlorin derivatives showed high efficiency against a broad range of microorganisms under blue light (56 W/m 2 ) [ 141 ], and bacteriochlorin derivatives with red light (278 W/m 2 ) were highly effective against Gram-negative bacterial biofilms [ 139 ].…”

“…Although light penetration is not a common problem in APDT, APDT is not effective against some deep lesions. For instance, P. aeruginosa lesions can reach up to 15 mm [ 139 ], and longer wavelengths (720–850 nm) should be considered for deeper penetration.…”

The Potential Application of Natural Photosensitizers Used in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Oral Infections

“…The poor solubility of photosensitizers causes bioavailability problems, susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation, and aggregation before interaction with the target site. This aggregation causes fluorescence quenching and low generation of ROS, resulting in a low APDT efficiency [85]. However, there are not many studies on the use of natural photosensitizers in clinical practice, and studies in this field should be continued.…”

Photoinactivation of coronaviruses: going along the optical spectrum

“…Phthalocyanines with positively charged residues on the central silicon atom were successfully used for disinfection of blood components from human immunodeficiency virus [79]. Cationic substituted phthalocyanines with high quantum yield of singlet oxygen and photostability [80,81] were effective against enveloped viruses [21,82,83]. Along with monocationic phenothiazine methylene blue, Cholosens (octacationic octakis (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammoniomethylphthalocyanine zinc octachloride) induced effective photodynamic inactivation of the enveloped RNA-containing avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 [84].…”