Photodetectors for Optical Fiber Communications

Bandyopadhyay, Amitava

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-513908-3.50011-7

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Now, we show the improvement of the BER for the OFDM fiber optic link upgraded with the CDS. It is customary to project the Q-factor based on BER and Gaussian noise statistics as [33,42,43]:Q=20log10(2erfcinv(2.BER))…”

Section: The Cds Case Study For the Ofdm-based Long-haul Standard mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Inspired Dynamic System for the Quality of Service Control over the Long-Haul Nonlinear Fiber-Optic Link

Naghshvarianjahromi

Kumar

Deen

2019

Sensors

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Brain-inspired intelligence using the cognitive dynamic system (CDS) concept is proposed to control the quality-of-service (QoS) over a long-haul fiber-optic link that is nonlinear and with non-Gaussian channel noise. Digital techniques such as digital-back-propagation (DBP) assume that the fiber optic link parameters, such as loss, dispersion, and nonlinear coefficients, are known at the receiver. However, the proposed CDS does not need to know about the fiber optic link physical parameters, and it can improve the bit error rate (BER) or enhance the data rate based on information extracted from the fiber optic link. The information extraction (Bayesian statistical modeling) using intelligent perception processing on the received data, or using the previously extracted models in the model library, is carried out to estimate the transmitted data in the receiver. Then, the BER is sent to the executive through the main feedback channel and the executive produces actions on the physical system/signal to ensure that the BER is continuously under the forward-error-correction (FEC) threshold. Therefore, the proposed CDS is an intelligent and adaptive system that can mitigate disturbance in the fiber optic link (especially in an optical network) using prediction in the perceptor and/or doing proper actions in the executive based on BER and the internal reward. A simplified CDS was implemented for nonlinear fiber optic systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to show how the proposed CDS can bring noticeable improvement in the system’s performance. As a result, enhancement of the data rate by 12.5% and the Q-factor improvement of 2.74 dB were achieved in comparison to the conventional system (i.e., the system without smart brain).

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Section: The Cds Case Study For the Ofdm-based Long-haul Standard mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Inspired Dynamic System for the Quality of Service Control over the Long-Haul Nonlinear Fiber-Optic Link

Naghshvarianjahromi

Kumar

Deen

2019

Sensors

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“…The 3-dB bandwidth and hence the speed, can be increased by the reduction of the transit time that is achieved by reducing the thicknesses of the layers of the photodetector, but then it becomes difficult to collect much light. This results in a trade-off between the bandwidth and the QE of the photodetector [1]. If the photodetector incorporates a Fabry-Pérot cavity, then it can effectively circumvent the tradeoff problem between QE and bandwidth, and as a result, high QE and high bandwidth can be achieved simultaneously [2]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors (RCE-PDs): structure, material, analysis and optimization

El-Batawy

Deen

2003

SPIE Proceedings

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Resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors (RCE-PDs) are promising candidates for applications in high-speed optical communications and interconnections. In these high-speed photodetectors, both high bandwidth and high external quantum efficiency can be achieved simultaneously because of the multipaths of the incident light due to the presence of the FabryPérot cavity into which the photodetector is inserted. In this paper, state-of-the-art RCE-PDs are discussed. Different structures of the RCE-PDs such as RCE-PIN, RCE-APD, and RCE-MSM PDs are presented and discussed. The material requirements for the RCE PDs with different material system compositions for the different structures and different wavelengths of the incident light that the photodetectors are sensitive to, are discussed. An overview of the analysis and a SPICE model of the RCE-PDs will be presented. These analyses include the calculations of quantum efficiency (QE), impulse response and frequency response of RCE-PDs. These analyses are sensitive to the standing wave effect (SWE) and to carrier diffusion, and both effects are studied. Optimization procedures for the design of ultrafast RCE-PDs will be presented, showing how the QE, bandwidth and speed of these photodetectors can be improved by adjusting the parameters of both the cavity and the photodetector itself. Finally, comparisons to experimental results and a survey of the performance of state-ofthe-art of RCE-PDs will be presented.

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“…The thickness of the absorbing layer in a vertical PIN photodetector has to be minimized for high speed response at the expense of detection efficiency. Furthermore, the photodetector RC time constant and parasitic capacitance from the periphery of the device has been a severe limitation to the speed of the detector response for the detector with 3dB bandwidth greater than 50 GHz [2]. The design trade-off between the bandwidth and efficiency can be mitigated by using an edge-coupled, waveguide photodetector structure for the long-wavelength detectors [3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Hybrid Integrated High-Speed Mushroom Vertical PIN Photodetector

Zhang

Huang

Duan

2013

AMM

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Photodetectors for Optical Fiber Communications

Cited by 19 publications

References 86 publications

Brain Inspired Dynamic System for the Quality of Service Control over the Long-Haul Nonlinear Fiber-Optic Link

Brain Inspired Dynamic System for the Quality of Service Control over the Long-Haul Nonlinear Fiber-Optic Link

Resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors (RCE-PDs): structure, material, analysis and optimization

Design and Analysis of Hybrid Integrated High-Speed Mushroom Vertical PIN Photodetector

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