Photodetection with Active Optical Antennas

Knight, Mark W.; Sobhani, Heidar; Nordlander, Peter; Halas, Naomi J.

doi:10.1126/science.1203056

Cited by 1,822 publications

(1,806 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We remark that recent works have shown that, in fact, structures as simple as single plasmonic nanospheres 24 , nanodisks 25 or nanorods 26 can act as optical antennas with strong scattering properties and large optical near-field enhancement 20,21,24 . Printing such plasmonic nanostructures may also be employed for applications in gas sensing 27 , graphene pholtovoltaics 28 or low-energy photon detection 29 .…”

Section: Structure Growth By Electrostatic Nanodroplet Autofocussingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct printing of nanostructures by electrostatic autofocussing of ink nanodroplets

et al. 2012

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nanotechnology, with its broad impact on societally relevant applications, relies heavily on the availability of accessible nanofabrication methods. Even though a host of such techniques exists, the flexible, inexpensive, on-demand and scalable fabrication of functional nanostructures remains largely elusive. Here we present a method involving nanoscale electrohydrodynamic ink-jet printing that may significantly contribute in this direction. A combination of nanoscopic placement precision, soft-landing fluid dynamics, rapid solvent vapourization, and subsequent self-assembly of the ink colloidal content leads to the formation of scaffolds with base diameters equal to that of a single ejected nanodroplet. The virtually material-independent growth of nanostructures into the third dimension is then governed by an autofocussing phenomenon caused by local electrostatic field enhancement, resulting in large aspect ratio. We demonstrate the capabilities of our electrohydrodynamic printing technique with several examples, including the fabrication of plasmonic nanoantennas with features sizes down to 50 nm.

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Section: Structure Growth By Electrostatic Nanodroplet Autofocussingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct printing of nanostructures by electrostatic autofocussing of ink nanodroplets

et al. 2012

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“…18,[23][24][25] To this end, metal-semiconductor (MS) Schottky junctions have been employed, 11,12,26 that take advantage of the built-in field in the vicinity of the metal nanostructure to separate the photogenerated carriers. The use of metalinsulator-metal architectures was also successfully employed for hot-electron photodetection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular interfaces for plasmonic hot electron photovoltaics

2015

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“…1 In particular, optical tweezers, 2 antennas, 3,4 lasers, 5 photodetectors, 6 or biochemical sensing platforms 7,8 have been scaled down to the nanometer range. However, their performance are limited by the short lifetimes of surface plasmon resonances.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Radiance: Probing Structure at the Ångström Scale with Visible Light

et al. 2013

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Plasmonic modes with long radiative lifetimes combine strong nanoscale light confinement with a narrow spectral line width carrying the signature of Fano resonances, making them very promising for nanophotonic applications such as sensing, lasing, and switching. Their coupling to incident radiation, also known as radiance, determines their optical properties and optimal use in applications. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the radiance of a plasmonic mode can be classified into three different regimes. In the weak coupling regime, the line shape exhibits remarkable sensitivity to the dielectric environment. We show that geometrical displacements and deformations at the Ångstrom scale can be detected optically by measuring the radiance. In the intermediate regime, the electromagnetic energy stored in the mode is maximal, with large electric field enhancements that can be exploited in surface enhanced spectroscopy applications. In the strong coupling regime, the interaction can result in hybridized modes with tunable energies. KEYWORDS: Fano resonances, electromagnetically induced transparency, plasmonic nanosensors, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), extraordinary optical transmission W ith their ability to concentrate light at a deepsubwavelength scale by excitation of surface plasmons, metallic nanostructures play a major role in current nanoscience. 1 In particular, optical tweezers, 2 antennas, 3,4 lasers, 5 photodetectors, 6 or biochemical sensing platforms 7,8 have been scaled down to the nanometer range. However, their performance are limited by the short lifetimes of surface plasmon resonances. 9 Recently, it has been shown that the use of plasmonic modes with long radiative life times (subradiant modes) can drastically enhance the performance of nanophotonic devices. 10−12 Their spectral response carry an asymmetric line shape with sharp spectral features, characteristic of Fano resonances. 13−22 The coupling of subradiant modes to radiation, their radiance, is directly controlled by the geometrical configuration of the nanostructures, 19 and also governs their optical response and the location and amplitude of light confinement. 20 Despite the fact that the use of subradiant modes for nanophotonic applications critically depends on the coupling strength, the choice of an optimal regime has so far never been addressed.In this work, we use a universal model for interacting radiative and localized channels to investigate the radiance of a plasmonic mode. We demonstrate that the radiance of a plasmonic mode can be classified into three different regimes. In the weak coupling regime, the radiance of the mode is small and extremely sensitive to perturbations in the coupling. We introduce a novel sensing concept, radiance sensing, which is based on the sensitivity of the radiance to the environment, rather than conventional plasmon sensing relying on the wavelength shift of plasmon modes. 8 In the intermediate regime, the radiative damping is equal to the int...

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Photodetection with Active Optical Antennas

Cited by 1,822 publications

References 31 publications

Direct printing of nanostructures by electrostatic autofocussing of ink nanodroplets

Direct printing of nanostructures by electrostatic autofocussing of ink nanodroplets

Molecular interfaces for plasmonic hot electron photovoltaics

Plasmonic Radiance: Probing Structure at the Ångström Scale with Visible Light

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