Photodegradation of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in a liquid system: Kinetics and photoproducts

Ling, Siyuan; Huang, Kai; Tariq, Muhammad; Wang, Yawen; Chen, Xiao; Zhang, Wei; Lin, Kuangfei; Zhou, Bingsheng

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.103

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…UV-disinfection is a widely applied approach to eliminate pathogens and viral particles in the treated municipal wastewater that destroys some HFRs. Wang et al first reported UV-photolytic transformation of DBDPE and deca-BDE in liquid matrices with half of the compound degraded upon UV exposure for 6–76 and 18 min, respectively; HBB, PBT, and BEHTBP could also be broken down by UV treatment . Transformation of HFRs by UV treatment has also been investigated in three full-scale WWTPs in Hong Kong, achieving up to 30% elimination of residual HBCD in the wastewater .…”

Section: Fate Of Hfrs In Biological Treatment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, and Impacts of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Zhao

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have been extensively used in various consumer products and many are classified as persistent organic pollutants due to their resistance to degradation, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity. HFRs have been widely detected in the municipal wastewater and wastewater treatment solids in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the discharge and agricultural application of which represent a primary source of environmental HFRs contamination. This review seeks to provide a current overview on the occurrence, fate, and impacts of HFRs in WWTPs around the globe. We first summarize studies recording the occurrence of representative HFRs in wastewater and wastewater treatment solids, revealing temporal and geographical trends in HFRs distribution. Then, the efficiency and mechanism of HFRs removal by biosorption, which is known to be the primary process for HFRs removal from wastewater, during biological wastewater treatment processes, are discussed. Transformation of HFRs via abiotic and biotic processes in laboratory tests and full-scale WWTPs is reviewed with particular emphasis on the transformation pathways and functional microorganisms responsible for HFRs biotransformation. Finally, the potential impacts of HFRs on reactor performance (i.e., nitrogen removal and methanogenesis) and microbiome in bioreactors are discussed. This review aims to advance our understanding of the fate and impacts of HFRs in WWTPs and shed light on important questions warranting further investigation.

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Section: Fate Of Hfrs In Biological Treatment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, and Impacts of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Zhao

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It has been reported that a major issue with DecaBDE is its ability to be degraded by UV to the known toxic penta- and octa-congeners [ 8 , 14 , 15 ], which again suggests that there are differences of C–Br bond energies within the same molecule. Obviously if BrFRs are to be able to be biologically degraded to non-toxic products, the means of either weakening C–Br bonds and /or rendering them more amenable to enzymatic reduction to bromide ions should be better understood.…”

Section: Organobromine Flame Retardants—environmental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once in the environment, apart from bioaccumulation, significant concerns have been specifically raised about the effect of UV light and its ability to convert agents like DecaBDE, which have passed risk assessments regarding their general toxicity into more toxic, debrominated congeners like octa- and pent- derivatives [ 80 ]. Photo-debromination and the related kinetics have been shown to be a stepwise process [ 14 ], which appears not to be easily explained in terms of relative orientations of bromine presence in ortho-, meta- and para-positions within respective aromatic rings [ 15 ]. Very recent work suggests that ease of photo-debromination reactions in polybrominated aromatic compounds substituted with the highest number of bromine atoms is defined by the largest stretching of the C–Br bond in the first excited state with theory indicating that that, excitations of BFRs proceed via π→π*, or π→σ* or n→σ* electronic transitions [ 81 ].…”

Section: Organobromine Flame Retardants—environmental Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the past 15 years or so, principal environmental concerns have included bioaccumulation, which has been observed across the world’s continents [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] including the Antarctic [ 12 ] and Arctic regions [ 13 ], and the degradation into ecotoxicological congeners in the case of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by exposure to UV [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and microbiological agents [ 8 , 17 , 18 ], for example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential for Bio-Sustainable Organobromine-Containing Flame Retardant Formulations for Textile Applications—A Review

Horrocks

2020

Polymers

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This review considers the challenge of developing sustainable organobromine flame retardants (BrFRs) and alternative synergists to the predominantly used antimony III oxide. Current BrFR efficiencies are reviewed for textile coatings and back-coatings with a focus on furnishing and similar fabrics covering underlying flammable fillings, such as flexible polyurethane foam. The difficulty of replacing them with non-halogen-containing systems is also reviewed with major disadvantages including their extreme specificity with regard to a given textile type and poor durability.The possibility of replacing currently used BrFRs for textiles structures that mimic naturally occurring organobromine-containing species is discussed, noting that of the nearly 2000 such species identified in both marine and terrestrial environments, a significant number are functionalised polybrominated diphenyl ethers, which form part of a series of little understood biosynthetic biodegradation cycles.The continued use of antimony III oxide as synergist and possible replacement by alternatives, such as the commercially available zinc stannates and the recently identified zinc tungstate, are discussed. Both are effective as synergists and smoke suppressants, but unlike Sb203, they have efficiencies dependent on BrFR chemistry and polymer matrix or textile structure. Furthermore, their effectiveness in textile coatings has yet to be more fully assessed.In conclusion, it is proposed that the future of sustainable BrFRs should be based on naturally occurring polybrominated structures developed in conjunction with non-toxic, smoke-suppressing synergists such as the zinc stannates or zinc tungstate, which have been carefully tailored for given polymeric and textile substrates.

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“…Then the extracts were combined and dried under a gentle stream of nitrogen and reconstituted with 200 μL of toluene for the later analysis. The analysis was performed using a GC-MS with ECNI mode (Agilent, 7890A-5875C) [19]. A concentrated extract (1 μL) was injected onto the column (DB-5HT, 15 m × 0.25 mm, 0.1 µm).…”

Section: Bde-209 Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential relationship between neurobehavioral toxicity and visual dysfunction of BDE-209 on zebrafish larvae: A pilot study

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Although listed in the Stockholm Convention, commercial Decabromodiphenyl ether (c-DecaBDE) is still being produced in many factories and used as a kind of flame retardants primarily in plastic polymers and textiles. Widespread use offered many exposure ways of its major ingredient, BDE-209, to humans and the environment. Most current studies of BDE-209 focused on the health effects and toxicity of thyroid disruption, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and reproductive function, but seldom spread light on the relationship between neurobehavioral toxicity and visual dysfunction. Using zebrafish larvae model, we hope to uncover the potential relationship between the neurobehavioral and visual effects after exposure to BDE-209. Results: BDE-209 exposure could not induce the changes of locomotion and path angle in 5 days post fertilization (dpf) larvae, however, 5 μg/L BDE-209 exposure caused locomotor hyperactivity and more responsive turns at 7 dpf. The social activity of 50 μg/L exposure group was significantly higher than the control group at 6 dpf. Besides, 5 and 50 μg/L exposure caused the upregulation and downregulation of four cone opsin genes, respectively. The expression of rhodopsin gene was not influenced by both concentration exposures. Conclusion: The neurobehavioral effects induced by 5 μg/L BDE-209 exposure were consistent with the upregulation of four cone opsins in 7 dpf larvae. The low concentration of BDE-209 exposure caused the hyperactivity and more responsive turns of larvae possibly contributing to the disruption on the cone opsin expressions of larvae. Our results would provide the mechanism cue of neurobehavioral toxicity after BDE-209 exposure and call for more attention on the ecotoxicology studies of BDE-209.

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Photodegradation of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in a liquid system: Kinetics and photoproducts

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, and Impacts of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, and Impacts of Halogenated Flame Retardants in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The Potential for Bio-Sustainable Organobromine-Containing Flame Retardant Formulations for Textile Applications—A Review

The potential relationship between neurobehavioral toxicity and visual dysfunction of BDE-209 on zebrafish larvae: A pilot study

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