Photocontrollable Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial Peroxynitrite during Ferroptosis with High Fidelity

In Situ Fluorescence Imaging Reveals Contribution of Cerebral Hydroxyl Radicals in Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Alzheimer-like Dementia

“…We selected 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (NANH 2 ) as the fluorophore because of its high quantum efficiency, biocompatibility, and easy modification. − Like other ROS, such as hypochlorite (ClO – ) and peroxynitrite (ONOO – ), • OH also owns high oxidizing capability. Perhaps it is not an ideal choice to design • OH probes by taking advantage of the oxidation reaction due to the latent interferences from other ROS.…”

Precise Spatiotemporal Identification of Mitochondrial H2S Fluctuations through Exploiting an On-Demand Photoactivated Probe

“…However, analytes in the cytosol can react with these probes before they enter mitochondria, probably misinterpreting the levels of mitochondrial analytes and thus leading to erroneous studies of their biofunctions. Although known examples intend to address these issues by exploring a strategy of initial-accumulation and postactivation procedures, – monitoring the process of probes into the mitochondria remains a woefully unsolved problem due to the photophysical-chemical nature of these probes, which may depress the specificity and accuracy.…”

FRET Luminescent Probe for the Ratiometric Imaging of Peroxynitrite in Rat Brain Models of Epilepsy-Based on Organic Dye-Conjugated Iridium(III) Complex

“…Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects tens of millions of people globally and imposes a significant burden on patients and their families. − During seizures, neurons exhibit abnormal high-frequency discharges, triggering cellular damage and initiating oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades. , The oxidative stress process generates significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NOS catalyzes the conversion of l -arginine to nitric oxide (NO, intercellular signaling molecule), and then the rapid reaction between NO and superoxide radicals (O 2 •– ) leads to the formation of a highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS), peroxynitrite (ONOO – ). − In living organisms, ONOO – reacts with proteins, lipids, DNA, and other essential biomolecules, disrupting their normal structure and function, thereby contributing to the escalation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, ultimately leading to neuronal damage and hyperactivity. − Simultaneously, ONOO – disrupts intracellular calcium and potassium channels, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, neuronal hyperexcitability, and firing, thus worsening the pathological process of epilepsy. − Considering the significant physiological significance of ONOO – in epilepsy, the advancement of efficient in situ and real-time brain ONOO – imaging tools holds paramount importance in expediting the screening of novel antiepileptic drugs and the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies.…”