Photochemical modification of membrane surfaces for (bio)fouling reduction: a nano-scale study using AFM

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

“…A colloid probe coated with molecular imprinted polymer [648] was used to test the adhesion of this type of polymer to different microfiltration membranes (polyvinilidene fluoride, hydrophilic and hydrophobic versions and polyethersulfone) for the development of membranes that show specific interaction with biomolecules [649]. Adhesion of a silica sphere coated with BSA to polyethersulfone membranes was tested by the same group [650]. Photografting of a polymer (quaternary 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) to the membrane lead to a reduction of adhesion and was therefore proposed as promising way to improve fouling resistance.…”

UV-photografting modification of NF membrane surface for NOM wfouling reduction

“…Subsequently, the pure water experiments were conducted at different transmembrane pressures, DP (400, 500, 600 and 700 kPa) in order to determine the pure water permeation flux (J w ) using Eq. (14). The membrane permeability, P m , was determined from the slope of the straight line that can be obtained by plotting the permeate flux (J w ) against DP following the following equation.…”

“…Various methods have been considered such as interfacial polymerization [1,2], plasma treatment [3,4], ion beam [5], electron beam [6], chemical grafting polymerization [7,8], and UV-photografting polymerization [9][10][11][12][13]. Among these surface modification methods, UV-grafting has been widely used because of its simplicity, low cost, and breadth field of applications [14,15]. Some research studies show that surface modification by UV-grafting polymerization significantly affects the membrane morphology and its performance [16][17][18].…”

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Water Using Modified Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes

“…This method has several advantages such as mild reaction conditions, low temperature, high selectivity and easily incorporated into the end stages of a manufacturing process (Hilal et al, 2003) In this work, the possibility for removal of heavy metal ions in water using modified composite membranes was investigated. The commercial thin film polyamide composite membranes surface was modified by UV-photo-induced graft polymerization technique, using poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and acrylic acid (AA) for grafting.…”