Superamphiphilic materials have great
potential to enhance the
mass transfer between phases in liquid–liquid catalysis due
to their special affinities. Constructing superamphiphilic surfaces
that possess superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties simultaneously
has been a tough assignment. So, exploration of simple methods to
prepare such materials using renewable and abundant feedstocks is
highly desired. Here, we reported an effective strategy to construct
superamphiphilic carbon directly from sodium lignosulfonate, which
is a renewable resource from paper industry wastes. From the characterization
of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) for superamphiphilic carbon, we found that element C was responsible
for the hydrophobic nature and the existence of O and S endowed the
carbon with hydrophilic characteristics. Further, micro/nanohierarchical
pores were found beneficial for the superamphiphilicity of carbon.
Meantime, in the selective hydrogenation of styrene, phenylacetylene,
and cis-stilbene in liquid–liquid systems,
conversion became double using superamphiphilic carbon compared with
blank results, and the yields were three times more than those in
blank experiments. The reasons were that superamphiphilic carbon induced
the formation of Pickering emulsions and enriched the reactants around
catalysts, as concluded by the characterization of confocal laser
scanning microscopy and relating contrastive experiments. This work
revealed a different route to obtain superamphiphilic carbon and provided
a diverse perspective to promote Pickering emulsion catalysis by the
superamphiphilicity of carbon.