In this manuscript, “Get two mangoes with one stone” strategy was used to study the electrochemical detection and photocatalytic mineralization of furaltadone (FLT) drug using Cu/Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites for the first time. The bi-functional nanocomposites were synthesized through a hydrothermal synthesis technique. The successfully synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed by various analytical techniques. The Cu/Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites decorated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) exhibit a good electrocatalytic ability towards detection of FLT. Moreover, the electrocatalytic detection of FLT based on the nanocomposites decorated SPCE have high stability, lower detection limit, and excellent sensitivity of 0.0949 μM and 1.9288 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. In addition, the nanocomposites decorated SPCE electrodes performed in real samples, such as river water and tap water, the satisfactory results were observed. As UV–Visible spectroscopy revealed that the Cu/Ni/TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites had an excellent photocatalytic ability for degradation of FLT drug. The higher degradation efficiency of 75% was achieved within 45 min under irradiation of visible light. In addition, after the degradation process various intermediates are produced which is confirmed by GC–MS analysis. The excellent photocatalytic ability was improved to the dopant ions and restrictions of electron–hole pair.
The intention of this work is to remove Reactive Blue 198 dye components from simulated water solution using cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet. Aqueous solutions of RB-198 dye were treated as a function of various operating parameters such as applied potential, reaction time and distance between the plasma jet and surface of the liquid. The efficiency of the degradation of RB-198 molecules was explored by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy. The reactive species involved during the treatment process were examined by optical emission spectra (OES). The present hydroxyl radicals (OH • radical) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the plasma-treated aqueous dye solutions were investigated using various spectroscopic techniques. The other parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), conductivity and pH were also reviewed. The toxicity of plasma-treated RB-198 solution was finally studied by diffusion bacterial analysis and by tracking seed germination processes. The results show that a higher degradation percentage of 99.27% was acquired for the RB-198 treated at higher reaction time and applied potential, and shorter distance between the plasma jet and water surface. This may be due to the formation of various reactive oxygen (OH • radical, atomic oxygen (O) and H 2 O 2 ) and nitrogen species (nitric oxide (NO) radicals and N 2 second positive system (N 2 SPS)) during the processes as confirmed by OES analysis and other spectroscopy analysis. TOC (17.7%-81.8%) and pH (7.5-3.4) values of the plasma-treated RB-198 decreased significantly with respect to various operation parameters, which indicates the decomposition of RB-198 molecules in the aqueous solution. Moreover, the conductivity of plasma-treated RB-198 aqueous solutions was found to have increased linearly during the plasma treatment due to the formation of various ionic species in aqueous solution. The toxicity analysis clearly exhibits the non-toxic behavior of plasma-treated RB-198 aqueous solution towards the bacterial growth and germination of seeds.
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