Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Promoted by Two Different Cocatalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution under Visible Light

Maeda, Kengo; Xiong, Anke; Yoshinaga, Taizo; Ikeda, Teruaki; Sakamoto, Naoyuki; Hisatomi, Takashi; Takashima, Masaki; Lu, Daling; Kanehara, Masayuki; Setoyama, Tohru; Teranishi, Toshiharu; Domen, Kazunari

doi:10.1002/ange.201001259

Cited by 169 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Finally, the back-reaction can be prevented by creation of a protective oxide layer on the surface of the noble metal particles. This has been achieved for Rh promoted photocatalysts by deposition of a Cr 2 O 3 layer, as determined by Domen and coworkers [15]. This layer allows the hydrogen produced at the Rh surface to escape, but prevents the diffusion of oxygen to the metal surface necessary for the reaction of H 2 and O 2 [15].…”

Section: The Overall Water Splitting Reaction [5 and References Thermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Solar panels for heating and production of electricity as such do not store energy, although batteries and chemical flow batteries are available and being improved. Two other major routes suggest themselves, for storing the collected photonic energy in the form of chemicals: -H 2 production by water splitting [11][12][13][14][15][16] -CO 2 reduction, combined with water oxidation (to O 2 ), yielding liquids such as alcohols or even hydrocarbons. This process is commonly referred to as artificial photosynthesis [17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Minerals (Including P and N In Suitable Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Mul¹,

Schacht²,

Swaaij³

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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a b s t r a c tThis paper provides a perspective on the technologies capable of converting solar energy, CO 2 and H 2 O into an easy to use fuel. The paper addresses bio-based approaches, but mainly focuses on (i) the combination of photovoltaic (PV) devices and electrocatalysis, (ii) single unit operation by photocatalytic conversion, and (iii) solar thermal conversion. Each option is described in a general manner, including a brief evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. Also suggestions for future research endeavours are given. Based on the used literature data, for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic technologies, dramatic improvements should be made in material optimization, as well as reactor design and operation. Large efficiency gains are necessary to enable use of these technologies in practice. Solar thermal conversion is more mature, and requires specific optimization in processing, as will be discussed.

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Section: The Overall Water Splitting Reaction [5 and References Thermentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Minerals (Including P and N In Suitable Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Mul¹,

Schacht²,

Swaaij³

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We found that the photocatalytic activities of dual cocatalyst loaded Zn 2 GeO 4 samples are much higher than those loaded with only individual cocatalysts, and even higher than the sum of the two individual cocatalysts. 37 Figure 8 shows the photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting on Zn 2 GeO 4 coloaded with noble metals (Pt) and metal oxides (RuO 2 38 Recently, we also extended dual cocatalyst concept to Pt-RuO 2 /BiVO 4 photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of thiophene using molecular O 2 as the electron acceptor, and 100% conversion efficiency of thiophene oxidation has been achieved. 39 Based on these experimental observations, we believe that dual cocatalyst approach is a general strategy for developing efficient photocatalytic systems.…”

Section: Dual Cocatalysts For Overall Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Cocatalysts in Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis

et al. 2013

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S ince the 1970s, splitting water using solar energy has been a focus of great attention as a possible means for converting solar energy to chemical energy in the form of clean and renewable hydrogen fuel. Approaches to solar water splitting include photocatalytic water splitting with homogeneous or heterogeneous photocatalysts, photoelectrochemical or photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting with a PEC cell, and electrolysis of water with photovoltaic cells coupled to electrocatalysts. Though many materials are capable of photocatalytically producing hydrogen and/or oxygen, the overall energy conversion efficiency is still low and far from practical application. This is mainly due to the fact that the three crucial steps for the water splitting reaction: solar light harvesting, charge separation and transportation, and the catalytic reduction and oxidation reactions, are not efficient enough or simultaneously. Water splitting is a thermodynamically uphill reaction, requiring transfer of multiple electrons, making it one of the most challenging reactions in chemistry.This Account describes the important roles of cocatalysts in photocatalytic and PEC water splitting reactions. For semiconductor-based photocatalytic and PEC systems, we show that loading proper cocatalysts, especially dual cocatalysts for reduction and oxidation, on semiconductors (as light harvesters) can significantly enhance the activities of photocatalytic and PEC water splitting reactions. Loading oxidation and/or reduction cocatalysts on semiconductors can facilitate oxidation and reduction reactions by providing the active sites/reaction sites while suppressing the charge recombination and reverse reactions. In a PEC water splitting system, the water oxidation and reduction reactions occur at opposite electrodes, so cocatalysts loaded on the electrode materials mainly act as active sites/reaction sites spatially separated as natural photosynthesis does. In both cases, the nature of the loaded cocatalysts and their interaction with the semiconductor through the interface/junction are important. The cocatalyst can provide trapping sites for the photogenerated charges and promote the charge separation, thus enhancing the quantum efficiency; the cocatalysts could improve the photostability of the catalysts by timely consuming of the photogenerated charges, particularly the holes; most importantly, the cocatalysts catalyze the reactions by lowering the activation energy. Our research shows that loading suitable dual cocatalysts on semiconductors can significantly increase the photocatalytic activities of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, and even make the overall water splitting reaction possible. All of these findings suggest that dual cocatalysts are necessary for developing highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting reactions.

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“…For instance, sandwiched ZnO@Au@Cu2O nanorod films were synthesized on steel mesh substrates via a simple three-step approach and showed an efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance for the degradation of the MO solution [142]. Those non-doped ZnO hierarchical composites could also be used in the field of H2 generation [118,122,[143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150]. Barpuzary et al [143] prepared urchin-like CdS@ZnO hetero-arrays via a template-based method.…”

Section: Photocatalytic Applications Of Hierarchical Zno Nanostructurmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Fabrication of Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures for Photocatalysis Application

et al. 2016

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Semiconductor photocatalysis provides potential solutions for many energy and environmental-related issues. Recently, various semiconductors with hierarchical nanostructures have been fabricated to achieve efficient photocatalysts owing to their multiple advantages, such as high surface area, porous structures, as well as enhanced light harvesting. ZnO has been widely investigated and considered as the most promising alternative photocatalyst to TiO 2 . Herein, we present a review on the fabrication methods, growth mechanisms and photocatalytic applications of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. Various synthetic strategies and growth mechanisms, including multistep sequential growth routes, template-based synthesis, template-free self-organization and precursor or self-templating strategies, are highlighted. In addition, the fabrication of multicomponent ZnO-based nanocomposites with hierarchical structures is also included. Finally, the application of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures and nanocomposites in typical photocatalytic reactions, such as pollutant degradation and H 2 evolution, is reviewed.

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Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Promoted by Two Different Cocatalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution under Visible Light

Cited by 169 publications

References 25 publications

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Roles of Cocatalysts in Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis

A Review on the Fabrication of Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures for Photocatalysis Application

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