“…In terms of supporting materials, the most commonly used include glass, stainless steel, plastics, textiles, alumina, silica, and titania [ 64 ]. Recent works in this area are focused on the generation of low-cost nanocatalysts using wasted and recyclable materials as carriers for applications in the removal of different target contaminants, such as dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, and heavy metals [ 65 ]. Materials such as polyethylene terephthalic (PET), polystyrene (PS), disposal textile fabrics, newspapers, aluminum soda cans, rubber, waste electronic and electric components and used batteries have been employed as supports for immobilizing catalysts [ 65 ].…”