Photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light over Cd0.1SnxZn0.9−2xS solid solution photocatalysts

Abstract

solutions were studied by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance UVevisible spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. From the characterizations, it was confirmed that Sn can form solid solution with Cd 0.1 Zn 0.9 S and the high crystallinity can be maintained as well. Among all samples, the highest photocatalytic activity was observed on Cd 0.1 Sn 0.01 Zn 0.88 S photocatalyst, with average rate of hydrogen production 3.52 mmol/h, which was ca. 1.5 times higher than the Cd 0.1 Zn 0.9 S photocatalyst. In addition to the high activity, the Cd 0.1 Sn 0.01 Zn 0.88 S also showed high stability at long irradiation time. The role of Sn in preventing electron-hole recombination and photocorrosion was proposed.

Preparation of carbon spheres supported CdS photocatalyst for enhancement its photocatalytic H 2 evolution

“…Therefore, how to greatly enhance the activities of photocatalysts is the most important issue. Many researchers have made efforts to promote the activity of CdS particles, such as combining CdS with other semiconductors [11][12][13][14][15][16], forming sulfide solid solution [17][18][19][20], doping metal element [21], as well as preparing various morphological CdS materials [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. http Recently, significant interest has been devoted to designing semiconductor-carbon composite materials [29], and some studies have proven that carbon can act as sensitizer and transfer electrons to the semiconductors [30].…”

Water Splitting By Photocatalytic Reduction

“…As shown in Table 6.2, the metal sulfide solid solutions doped by Cu [147,148], Ni [149,150], Ag [151], Sn [152], and Bi [153] ions have been found to exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production than the undoped ones. It is believed that the impurity levels in the forbidden band created by doping can enhance the visible light response and accommodate the photogenerated charge carriers, thus leading to the enhanced hydrogen evolution.…”

A highly efficient nanostructured quinary photocatalyst for hydrogen production

“…The ternary and quaternary CZS and CZTS photocatalysts were synthesized according to the literature [18], which is through hydrothermal method using a stoichiometric molar ratio of the precursor ions. To synthesize the silver doped quinary photocatalyst, i.e.…”

“…Zhang et al also introduced a different synthesis route based on thermal sulfurization of some mixed oxide precursors [17]. Hydrothermal approach is another strategy applied by Kimi et al [18] to prepare tin-doped solid solutions with modified band structure and enhanced photocatalytic activity.…”

“…In this work, using a simple one-pot hydrothermal procedure, the synthesis of a quinary photocatalyst, i.e. a Cd x Zn 1 À x S semiconductor doped with tin and silver, is reported for the first time, and its photocatalytic activity to evolve hydrogen gas is compared with that of its ternary and quaternary counterparts, namely Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S (CZS) and Cd 0.1 Zn 0.88 Sn 0.01 S (CZTS) alloys, which have been reported as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen production [17][18][19]. All semiconductor materials synthesized here are mesoporous, and their ability to photo-generate hydrogen fuel will be compared under the same conditions and experimental setup.…”