Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO₂-Biomass Loaded Mixture for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a novel TiO2/modified sago bark (TiO2/MSB) mixture for the degradation of sago wastewater effluent by employing response surface methodology (RSM) using chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal as the target parameter. The highest COD removal of 64.92% was obtained using TiO2/MSB mixture sample prepared by combining 0.2 g/L TiO2and 1 w/w% MSB. Given that the highest removal was produced using this mixture sample, further optimisation of sago wastewater treatment was conducted by varying the independent variables, namely, dosage and contact time. Under this optimum condition, 0.10 g of 0.2 g/L TiO2/1% MSB had successfully reduced 52.83% COD in 120 min. Surface morphology, functional groups, and elemental analysis supported observations of the ability of TiO2/MSB mixture to remove COD. Additionally, aeration had further improved COD removal by 11%. The regression value (R2>0.99) of the model indicated a high degree of correlation between the evaluated parameters. These results proved the feasibility of TiO2photocatalysis as an appealing alternative protocol for sago wastewater treatment and solid waste from the industry can be utilised for wastewater degradation.

Degradation of mixed dye via heterogeneous Fenton process: Studies of calcination, toxicity evaluation, and kinetics

“…98.8% phenol and 81.3% of TOC were removed by Fenton process with the optimum conditions of catalyst dose: 0.25 g/L, 10 mM of H 2 O 2 , pH 5, and reaction time of 120 min. Sago bark was found as efficient support with TiO 2 to remove the COD from wastewater reported by Kanakaraju and Wong (2018). Similarly, carbon nanotube was also found as an excellent support for the preparation of efficient heterogeneous catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 / MWCNTs), which was synthesized by co-precipitation method and degraded pollutant up to 99% with 2 g/L of catalyst dose at pH 2 with reaction time of 60 min (Kanakaraju & Wong, 2018).…”

“…Sago bark was found as efficient support with TiO 2 to remove the COD from wastewater reported by Kanakaraju and Wong (2018). Similarly, carbon nanotube was also found as an excellent support for the preparation of efficient heterogeneous catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 / MWCNTs), which was synthesized by co-precipitation method and degraded pollutant up to 99% with 2 g/L of catalyst dose at pH 2 with reaction time of 60 min (Kanakaraju & Wong, 2018). Fe 2 O 3 -AC heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by incipient impregnation method in which rose remnant was used as a support and it showed excellent catalytic efficiency at 0.1 mM of H 2 O 2 , pH 3.7 with reaction time of 180 min (Pedroza & Daza, 2018).…”

Novel Removal of Diazinon Pesticide by Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Visible Light-Driven Fe-TiO2/Bent-Fe Photocatalyst

“…When the photocatalyst dosages increased, the turbidity of the solution increased. An increased level of suspension turbidity resulted from excessive photocatalyst dosage would block the incident visible light required for the photocatalyst activation [41]. Hence, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency decreased.…”

Removal of chemical oxygen demand from agro effluent by ZnO photocatalysis and photo-Fenton

“…An electrochemical treatment using Ti/PbO 2 electrodes has also been investigated as a potential treatment technique for the COD removal [45]. A recent study investigated the removal of COD using a novel mixture, TiO 2 and modified sago bark [29]. A combination 0.10 g of 0.2 g/L TiO 2 and 1% of modified sago bark resulted in 52.83% of the COD removal.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, no studies are available on the application of ZnO photocatalysis on sago effluent. Our research group have published findings pertaining to the performance of photo-Fenton on sago effluent degradation by using response surface methodology approach [29].…”