“…This surge in energy consumption may be responsible for the energy crisis . Currently, energy consumption relies on conventional energy resources such as coal, natural gas, waste, biomass, sun, wind, hydropower, nuclear power, and geothermal power. − However, these resources are limited and lead to increasing global warming-related issues. − Therefore, researchers have been attracted toward the design and development of energy-related devices and techniques such as solar cells, energy storage devices, batteries, and supercapacitors …”