Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) Applied in Bone Reconstructive Surgery Using Bovine Bone Grafts: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with biomodulatory effects on biological tissues, currently called photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), assists in healing and reduces inflammation. The application of biomaterials has emerged in bone reconstructive surgery, especially the use of bovine bone due to its biocompatibility. Due to the many benefits related to the use of PBMT and bovine bones, the aim of this research was to review the literature to verify the relationship between PBMT and the application of bovine bone in bone reconstruction surgeries. We chose the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for the search by matching the keywords: “Bovine bone AND low-level laser therapy”, “Bovine bone AND photobiomodulation therapy”, “Xenograft AND low-level laser therapy”, and “Xenograft AND photobiomodulation therapy”. The initial search of the three databases retrieved 240 articles, 18 of which met all inclusion criteria. In the studies concerning animals (17 in total), there was evidence of PBMT assisting in biomaterial-related conduction, formation of new bone, bone healing, immunomarker expression, increasing collagen fibers, and local inflammation reduction. However, the results disagreed with regard to the resorption of biomaterial particles. The only human study showed that PBMT with bovine bone was effective for periodontal regeneration. It was concluded that PBMT assists the process in bone reconstruction when associated with bovine bone, despite divergences between applied protocols.

Photobiomodulation Therapy Associated with Heterologous Fibrin Biopolymer and Bovine Bone Matrix Helps to Reconstruct Long Bones

“…The PBMT protocol used in the present experiment is due to previous studies (in vivo) on tissue regeneration [8,12,13,16], plus a literature review on the action of PBMT specifically on bone tissue, in which the length of 830 nm was cited as the most used (40.79%) and with positive effects in 98.68% [67]; in another review, satisfactory results were observed between the PBMT and xenograft in 17 of the 18 articles included [23]. The literature points to laser-modulated bone formation with increased bone growth factors in differentiated cells by stimulating matrix secretion, cell proliferation and reduced inflammation [65,68].…”

“…PBMT has been shown to be an ally in the process of bone reconstruction; however, the consensus about parameters for the purpose of bone regeneration is still uncertain in the literature, since studies show varieties of protocols, thus obtaining different results [23,74,75] such as differentiation, density and osteogenic proliferation [67,74,76].…”

“…This new technology is the current focus of studies of the scientific community for presenting reparative mechanisms of action. However, there is no consensus on its effective parameters, because if parameters are not properly delineated, they do not have beneficial effects on tissue regeneration, making this a current focus of research [19,21,[23][24][25].…”

Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Guided Bone Regeneration Process in Defects Filled by Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Associated with Fibrin Biopolymer

“…Moreover, alternative non-invasive methods have been used in tissue regeneration, such as the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), currently called photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In the bone repair process, this therapy is known to exert analgesic anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to accelerating the regeneration process by providing cell proliferation and differentiation [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Evaluation of the Use of an Inorganic Bone Matrix in the Repair of Bone Defects in Rats Submitted to Experimental Alcoholism

“…There are many scientific reports about xenografts in the bone repair process, whose results evidence that it is a viable alternative to autologous grafts [10]. There is currently a social and commercial incentive for alcohol consumption worldwide, which may lead to a larger number of patients using ethyl derivatives in clinical practice.…”