Photobiomodulation Therapy in Oral Mucositis and Potentially Malignant Oral Lesions: A Therapy Towards the Future

Abstract

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is an effective treatment modality, which has the significant advantage of enhancing a patient’s quality of life (QoL) by minimising the side effects of oral cancer treatments, as well as assisting in the management of potentially cancerous lesions. It is important to note that the major evidence-based documentation neither considers, nor tackles, the issues related to the impact of PBMT on tumour progression and on the downregulation of cellular proliferation improvement, by identifying the dose- and time-dependency. Moreover, little is known about the risk of this therapy and its safety when it is applied to the tumour, or the impact on the factor of QoL. The review aimed to address the benefits and limitations of PBMT in premalignant oral lesions, as well as the conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between tumour cell proliferation and the applied dose of photonic energy (fluence) in treating oral mucositis induced by head and neck cancer (H&N) treatments. The objective was to appraise the current concept of PBMT safety in the long-term, along with its latent impact on tumour reaction. This review highlighted the gap in the literature and broaden the knowledge of the current clinical evidence-based practice, and effectiveness, of PBMT in H&N oncology patients. As a result, the authors concluded that PBMT is a promising treatment modality. However, due to the heterogeneity of our data, it needs to undergo further testing in well-designed, long-term and randomised controlled trial studies, to evaluate it with diligent and impartial outcomes, and ensure laser irradiation’s safety at the tumour site.

Association of LINC00673 Genetic Variants with Progression of Oral Cancer

“…Moreover, oral carcinogenesis is found to be mediated by a set of genetic alterations that affect programed cell death, cell division, and DNA repair [5]. Nevertheless, the incidence [1] and mortality [6] of OSCC have not improved remarkably in spite of the advance in surgery and other treatment options [7,8] as well as the recognition of risk factors that cause oral malignancies mentioned above [3][4][5]9]. Considering the high heterogeneity and pathogenicity of OSCC, all these cancer risks appear to be mingled and required to evaluate the disease prognosis.…”

Mitochondrial Bioenergetic, Photobiomodulation and Trigeminal Branches Nerve Damage, What’s the Connection? A Review

“…In this way, the photoacceptor can absorb photon energy and reach an electronically excited state, leading to a temporary change in both conformation and function. In this way, light, as reviewed in our previous paper, can play with the cell's perspective [30][31][32]. Pastore et al [73] showed increased oxygen consumption in mitochondria irradiated with 632 nm laser light, and Yu et al [74] observed increased activity of mitochondrial complex-III and -IV when low energy light with a 660-nm wavelength was used.…”

“…In this way, the photoacceptor can absorb photon energy and reach an electronically excited state, leading to a temporary change in both conformation and function. In this way, light, as reviewed in our previous paper, can play with the cell’s perspective [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…Despite the increasing evidence of the potential of this therapy [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], its application in the medical field currently has detractors. In our review, we will first illustrate the reliability of the light–cell interaction underlying PBM.…”

Tongue ulcer in a patient with COVID-19: a case presentation

“…A review of more than 170 COVID-19 positive cases found changes in tongue sensation and onset of tongue ulceration to be the most common symptoms [ 24 ]. The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in managing oral lesions has been well documented [ 25 ]. Also, the specific use of PBMT as an effective treatment in COVID-19 patients was reported by Soheilifar and colleagues [ 26 ].…”