Photoallergic Responses to Chemicals

Kochevar, Irene E.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07160.x

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Symptoms of OLAQinduced photoallergy resemble those of QUIN [31]. Generally, a photochemical reaction of a xenobiotic resulting in damage of, or irreversible binding to an endogenous protein, is considered as an initial step, which may lead to a photoallergic response [39][40][41].…”

Section: Growth-promoting Properties and Toxicity Of Quinoxaline 14-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide: A Versatile Scaffold Endowed With Manifold Activities

Carta

Corona²,

Loriga

2005

CMC

136

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Since 1940s, Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides (QdNO's) are known as potent antibacterial agents, and subtherapeutic levels have been used to promote growth and improve efficiency of feed conversion in animal feed. They have also shown a selective cytotoxicity against hypoxic cells present in solid tumours. Furthermore, recent studies have put in evidence that QdNO's are endowed with antitubercular, antiprotozoal and anticandida activities. On the other hand, several authors have reported about photoallergic and mutagenic effects of some derivatives. QdNO's may also cause the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and influence the horizontal transfer of virulence genes between bacteria. In this review article we report the biological properties, the mode of action and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies of the QdNO derivatives. Furthermore, some cytogenetic and genotoxic effects, classical and more recent method of synthesis, the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides, and some of their most important reactions, were also reported.

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Section: Growth-promoting Properties and Toxicity Of Quinoxaline 14-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide: A Versatile Scaffold Endowed With Manifold Activities

Carta

Corona²,

Loriga

2005

CMC

136

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“…Topical application or subcutaneous accumulation of such compounds directly exposes them to UV radiation; and photochemical reactions that occur in the skin and eyes sometimes produce undesirable side effects, e.g. phototoxicity and photoallergy, which limit therapeutic use (Kochevar, 1979;Emmett, 1979). Consider, for example, the recent clinical history of benoxaprofen [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-u-methyl-5benzoxazoleacetic acid] an anti-inflammatory drug which causes acute phototoxicity in many patients (Greist et al, 1982;Kligman and Kaidbey, 1982;Ferguson et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quenching of the Excited States of 2‐phenylbenzoxazole by Azide Anion. Fluorescence and Esr Study

Reszka

Hall

Chignell

1984

Photochem & Photobiology

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Electron spin resonance, spin‐trapping and fluorescence techniques demonstrate that 2‐phenylbenzoxazole (P) participates in photo‐induced reactions with alcohols and electron donors like the azide ion. Irradiation of Pat 300 nm in deaerated ethanol produces ethoxyl and hydroxyethyl radicals which can be detected with the spin trap, 5,5‐dimethyl‐l‐pyrroline‐l‐oxide (DMPO). However, irradiation of P in the presence of N‐3 leads to the appearance of the azide radical, N‐3, which also reacts with DMPO. Studies with the nitroxyl radical, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐l‐oxyl (TEMPO), suggest that electron transfer from the azide anion to an excited state of P yields the semi‐reduced sensitizer, P‐, which in turn reacts with TEMPO. The effect of sodium azide upon the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of P in aqueous ethanol has also been studied.

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“…Selective binding to the N-terminal region of albumin was demonstrated (Delahanty et al 1989). The reaction mechanism is thought to involve radicals (Delahanty et al 1988, Kochevar 1979 since free radicals are formed during UV irradiation of bithionol solutions (Delahanty et al 1987, Li and Chignell 1988.…”

Section: Contact Photosensitization In Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bithionol [MAK Value Documentation, 1998]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Published in the series Occupational Toxicants , Vol. 9 (1998) The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Modes of Action Pharmacokinetics Effects in Man Acute toxicity Subchronic and chronic toxicity Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Effects on Animals Acute toxicity Subchronic and chronic toxicity Allergenic effects Contact sensitization in man Contact sensitization in animals Contact photosensitization in man Contact photosensitization in animals Genotoxicity Manifesto (MAK value, classification)

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Photoallergic Responses to Chemicals

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide: A Versatile Scaffold Endowed With Manifold Activities

Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide: A Versatile Scaffold Endowed With Manifold Activities

Quenching of the Excited States of 2‐phenylbenzoxazole by Azide Anion. Fluorescence and Esr Study

Bithionol [MAK Value Documentation, 1998]

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