Photo-thermal oxidation of single layer graphene

Islam, Ahmad E.; Kim, Steve S.; Rao, Rahul; Ngo, Yen; Jiang, Jie; Nikolaev, Pavel; Naik, Rajesh R.; Pachter, Ruth; Boeckl, John; Maruyama, Benji

doi:10.1039/c6ra05399h

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…21,26 Recently, a study was reported in which photothermal oxidation of graphene under controlled oxygen-containing atmosphere was shown to lead to smooth oxidation without formation of pores. 28 In addition, oxidized areas were found to form nanosized patches, similarly to our case. However, the mechanisms in the two cases are different since our process is a "cold" process based on the extremely low average power of irradiation (5 -10 µW).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Mechanism of two-photon induced oxidation of single-layer graphene on Si/SiO 2 substrates is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman microspectroscopy and imaging. AFM imaging of areas oxidized by using a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam shows that oxidation is not homogeneous but oxidized and non-oxidized graphene segregate into separate domains over the whole irradiated area. Oxidation process starts from point-like "seeds" 2 which grow into islands finally coalescing together. The size of islands before coalescence is 30 -40 nm and the density of the islands is on the order of 10 11 cm -2 . Raman spectroscopy reveals growth of the D/G band ratio along the oxidation. Sharpness of the D-band which persists over large range of oxidation and the maximal value of the intensity ratio of the D-and G-bands (~0.8) indicates that graphene oxidation proceeds by increase of the oxidized area rather than progression of oxidized areas to fully disordered structure. A phenomenological model is developed which explains the observations. According to the model, the probability for oxidation of a site next to already oxidized site is five orders of magnitude higher than oxidation of pristine graphene. Irradiation of an extended area by raster scanning leads to a formation of an irregular nanomesh of oxide islands with a narrow size distribution. The phenomenological model yields similar results as the experiment. This study forms a basis for controlled use of two-photon oxidation for tailoring properties of graphene and patterning it with sub-micrometer resolution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…A study by Islam et al involved also a CW laser induced photothermal mechanism of oxidation. 28 There is yet another report of CW laser induced oxidation of graphene by a green (532 nm) laser. 22 In this case the authors estimate that the sample heating is only about 100 degrees which is too low for thermal oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

et al. 2016

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“…A unique feature of ARES is the use of a laser to individually heat small (10 μm) pillars of silicon pre-seeded with catalyst 15,[31][32][33][34] for the CVD reaction (see experimental details and Supplementary Figure S1 for a schematic diagram of the instrumentation). We chose cobalt as the growth catalyst (2 nm film on a 10 nm thick alumina support), which was deposited uniformly onto the micropillars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomy in materials research: a case study in carbon nanotube growth

et al. 2016

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Advances in materials are an important contributor to our technological progress, and yet the process of materials discovery and development itself is slow. Our current research process is human-centred, where human researchers design, conduct, analyse and interpret experiments, and then decide what to do next. We have built an Autonomous Research System (ARES)-an autonomous research robot capable of first-of-its-kind closed-loop iterative materials experimentation. ARES exploits advances in autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, data sciences, and high-throughput and in situ techniques, and is able to design, execute and analyse its own experiments orders of magnitude faster than current research methods. We applied ARES to study the synthesis of singlewalled carbon nanotubes, and show that it successfully learned to grow them at targeted growth rates. ARES has broad implications for the future roles of humans and autonomous research robots, and for human-machine partnering. We believe autonomous research robots like ARES constitute a disruptive advance in our ability to understand and develop complex materials at an unprecedented rate.

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“…A subsequent process of UV treatment could leave the graphene area almost una ected and the GO reduced to rGO. A surface analysis [18] shows that the oxidized areas are randomly distributed in nanoscale domains.…”

Section: Geometry Of the Plasmonic Device Background On Graphene Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz plasmonic resonances in hybrid reduced-graphene-oxide and graphene patterns for sensing applications

Mencarelli¹,

Nishina²,

Ishikawa³

et al. 2017

Optical Data Processing and Storage

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Abstract:In this contribution, we e ectively combine important developments of nowadays technology: graphene based THz plasmonics, reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) based sensors, and capability of patterning graphene materials at micro and nano scale. Surface waves in graphene were observed for the rst time only few years ago, con rming the ability of this exceptional material to support plasmons at relatively low frequencies -a few THz -due to its intrinsically huge selfinductance. On the other hand, graphene oxide, and its reduced forms, has emerged as a very interesting material for several applications, including gas sensors and biosensors. In this work, the possibility of a ne and controlled patterning of the above materials is considered as a useful degree of freedom to govern plasmon resonances and consequent electromagnetic absorption. In particular, the excitation of THz plasmons in arrays of nanoribbons, made of graphene and rGO, has been deeply investigated, in order to quantify the sensitivity to surface changes of conductivity, due to possible external perturbations. Fullwave analysis of hybrid metal-graphene-rGO is also presented and discussed. The e ects of substrate thickness and of higher di raction modes are rigorously taken into account, as a possible mean to enhance the sensing capability of the proposed device.

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Photo-thermal oxidation of single layer graphene

Abstract: Photo-thermal oxidation yields no pores in the graphene layer and suggests pathways for oxygen defect engineering in a controlled manner.

Cited by 33 publications

References 69 publications

From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

Autonomy in materials research: a case study in carbon nanotube growth

THz plasmonic resonances in hybrid reduced-graphene-oxide and graphene patterns for sensing applications

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