phot1 and phot2 mediate blue light regulation of stomatal opening

Kinoshita, Toshinori; Doi, Mitsunobu; Suetsugu, Noriyuki; Kagawa, Takatoshi; Wada, Masamitsu; Shimazaki, Ken Ichiro

doi:10.1038/414656a

Cited by 828 publications

(731 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…1b). Consistent with the different photosensitivities reported previously 11 , phot1 and phot2 single mutants exhibited temperature decreases with low and high sensitivity to BL, respectively ( Supplementary Fig. S1).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…The stomatal aperture in the abaxial epidermis was measured by microscopic examination (Eclipse TS100; Nikon) 11 . Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation were determined using a gas-exchange system (LI-6400, Li-Cor) 18 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanisms by which phototropin transduces the light signal into downstream responses are largely unknown. In guard cells, the driving force for stomatal opening is generated by plasma membrane H þ -ATPases that are activated via phototropins [11][12][13] , and it has been established that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) mediates the signalling between these two molecules 14 . However, the initial signalling event that couples photoreception to activation of the H þ -ATPase has yet to be clarified.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening

et al. 2013

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Opening of stomata in the plant facilitates photosynthetic CO 2 fixation and transpiration. Blue-light perception by phototropins (phot1, phot2) activates the plasma membrane H þ -ATPase, causing stomata to open. Here we describe a regulator that connects these components, a Ser/Thr protein kinase, BLUS1 (BLUE LIGHT SIGNALING1), which mediates a primary step for phototropin signalling in guard cells. blus1 mutants identified by infrared thermography result in a loss of blue light-dependent stomatal opening. BLUS1 encodes a protein kinase that is directly phosphorylated by phot1 in vitro and in vivo at Ser-348 within its C-terminus. Both phosphorylation of Ser-348 and BLUS1 kinase activity are essential for activation of the H þ -ATPase. blus1 mutants show lower stomatal conductance and CO 2 assimilation than wild-type plants under decreased ambient CO 2 . Together, our analyses demonstrate that BLUS1 functions as a phototropin substrate and primary regulator of stomatal control to enhance photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation under natural light conditions.

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confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Phosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening

et al. 2013

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“…Stomatal aperture is highly regulated by light, CO 2 concentration and the phytohormone ABA 5,13,43,44 . The CO 2 -resistant growth of rhc1 mutant plants together with guard cell expression of RHC1 gene suggests that RHC1 may function in stomatal response to CO 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

et al. 2015

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Increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels in the atmosphere have caused global metabolic changes in diverse plant species. CO 2 is not only a carbon donor for photosynthesis but also an environmental signal that regulates stomatal movements and thereby controls plant-water relationships and carbon metabolism. However, the mechanism underlying CO 2 sensing in stomatal guard cells remains unclear. Here we report characterization of Arabidopsis RESISTANT TO HIGH CO 2 (RHC1), a MATE-type transporter that links elevated CO 2 concentration to repression of HT1, a protein kinase that negatively regulates CO 2 -induced stomatal closing. We also show that HT1 phosphorylates and inactivates OST1, a kinase which is essential for the activation of the SLAC1 anion channel and stomatal closing. Combining genetic, biochemical and electrophysiological evidence, we reconstituted the molecular relay from CO 2 to SLAC1 activation, thus establishing a core pathway for CO 2 signalling in plant guard cells.

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“…promoting association with other protein, displaying light-dependent catalytic activity and DNA binding (Moglich et al, 2010). Besides flowering, photoreceptors are also involved in the regulation of various plants response including shade avoidance, seed germination, phototropism and leaf formation (Shinomura et al, 1996;Schmitt, 1997;Kinoshita et al, 2001;Sakai et al, 2001;Briggs and Christie, 2002;Hennig et al, 2002;Sakamoto and Briggs, 2002). (Smith, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of flowering genes in Pongamia Pinnata

Kamde¹

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Pongamia pinnata (Pongamia) is a multipurpose tree that has been used traditionally for medicine, green manure, insecticide, fuel and also a source of timber. It is an indigenous plant to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and has been successfully introduced to Northern Australia, New Zealand and several other countries with humid tropical lowlands. Recently, Pongamia has attracted interest as one of the alternative feedstock for biodiesel productions due to its ability to produce seeds with high oil content. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition of Pongamia met the biodiesel specification standards of USA (ASTMD 6751), Germany (DIN 51606) and European Standard Organisation (EN 14214), and is considered as one of the most suitable sources of biodiesel. Despite the positive attributes described above, Pongamia is not a domesticated species and further research is required for the selection of elite cultivars with desirable traits optimal for large scale production of Pongamia oil. In addition, limited information is currently available regarding the flowering mechanism of Pongamia at the molecular level that could provide the platform for the development of oil-rich seeds.The aim of this thesis is to provide insight and increase the understanding of the genetic network that leads to flowering in Pongamia. Based on large phenotypic diversity of Pongamia, this information could subsequently be used to determine and select traits with unique flowering time that will allow a harvesting window, where harvesting process will not clash with flowering. The first objective of this project is to identify, isolate and characterise the candidate genes that regulate flowering time in Pongamia. This was achieved using molecular biology techniques and bioinformatic approaches based on the information available on flowering mechanisms of Arabidopsis and soybean in the literature. The second objective of this project is to determine the expression pattern of isolated genes during flowering onset. This was achieved through transcriptome methodologies such as RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. The third objective of this project is to investigate the genetic variety of Pongamia. This was achieved through Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) analysis and its correlation with the late flowering phenotype of Pongamia.PpCOL-1 and PpPHYB are the two genes that were investigated in this thesis. The orthologue genes of PpCOL-1 and PpPHYB are involved in the flowering regulation of the annual plant Arabidopsis.Since Arabidopsis and Pongamia are both long day plants, it is postulated that these genes might play a role in the flowering time control in Pongamia. PpCOL-1 and PpPHYB were successfully isolated, characterised and compared to their respective orthologue genes in Arabidopsis, Soybean and Medicago. It was found that the amino acid residues within the domain regions in these genes iii are highly conserved in Pongamia. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the expression patterns of PpCOL-1 and PpPHYB in...

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phot1 and phot2 mediate blue light regulation of stomatal opening

Cited by 828 publications

References 30 publications

Phosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening

Phosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening

A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

Molecular characterisation of flowering genes in Pongamia Pinnata

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