Phosphorylation of lignin: characterization and investigation of the thermal decomposition

Prieur, B; Meub, M.; Wittemann, Matthias; Klein, Roland; Bellayer, Séverine; Fontaine, Gaëlle; Bourbigot, Serge

doi:10.1039/c7ra00295e

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, these changes could not be attributed to the inherent chemical or physical nature of the materials. Similar behavior was also observed in many other systems [ 5 , 7 , 37 , 38 ]. This suggests that there is a direct correlation between the heating rate and the rate of pyrolytic decomposition (and simultaneous oxidation).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Zope

Dasari

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this regard, the pathway is not established when designing and formulating fire-retardant coatings for structural steel sections or members. This manuscript explores the fundamental relationships across different scales of testing with the help of a fire-protective system based on acrylic resin with a typical combination of intumescent additives, viz. ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and expandable graphite. One of the main outcomes of this work dictates that higher heat release rate values and larger amounts of material participating in the pyrolysis process per unit time will result in a rapid rise in steel substrate temperature. This information is very useful in the design and development of generic fire-retardant coatings.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Zope

Dasari

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…For the HDO with catalysts, on the other hand, the decarboxylation reaction was more predominant than decarbonylation. Particularly for Fe 2 P/γ-Al 2 O 3 and CoMoP/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts, high selectivity to carbon dioxide was observed, which is likely to be attributed to promoted dehydration and decarboxylation by addition of phosphorus [21,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Saccharina japonica Alga for Bio-Oil Upgrading

Hwang

Choi

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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Biomass conversion via pyrolysis has been regarded as a promising solution for bio-oil production. Compared to fossil fuels, however, the pyrolysis bio-oils from biomass are corrosive and unstable due to relatively high oxygen content. Thus, an upgrading of bio-oil is required to reduce O component while improving stability in order to use it directly as fuel sources or in industrial processes for synthesizing chemicals. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is considered as one of the promising methods for upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil. In this research, the HDO was studied for various catalysts (HZSM-5, metal, and metal-phosphide catalysts) to improve the quality of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of Saccharina japonica (SJ) in a fluidized-bed reactor. The HDO processing was carried out in an autoclave at 350 °C and different initial pressures (3, 6, and 15 bar). During HDO, the oxygen species in the bio-oil was removed primarily via formation of CO2 and H2O. Among the gases produced through HDO, CO2 was observed to be most abundant. The C/O ratio of produced bio-oil increased when CoMoP/γ-Al2O3, Co/γ-Al2O3, Fe/γ-Al2O3, or HZSM-5 was used. The Co/γ-Al2O3 resulted in higher HDO performance than other catalysts. The bio-oil upgraded with Co/γ-Al2O3 showed high HHV (34.41 MJ/kg). With the use of catalysts, the kerosene-diesel fraction (carbon number C12–C14) was increased from 36.17 to 38.62–48.92 wt.%.

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“…Lignin is a phenol-containing cross-linked biomacromolecule that can be isolated by two different extraction procedures (alkali and organosolv). The flame retardant efficiency of neat lignin is already known for different polymer systems [51,52,99]. Ferry et al compared the fire behavior of lignin obtained from different extraction procedures in PBS.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Phosphorus-containing Biobased Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferry et al grafted phosphoros compounds onto lignin for PBS and compared it with unmodified lignin whose flame retardant properties are known in the literature [51,52]. Ferry et al compared the two neat lignins also by using cone calorimetry and reported different pHRR and TTI (time to ignition) for the alkali (102 kW/m −2 and 189 s) and organosolv (111 kW/m −2 and 25 s) lignin.…”

Section: Biobased Flame Retardants In Polyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins

et al. 2019

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Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.

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Phosphorylation of lignin: characterization and investigation of the thermal decomposition

Abstract: Lignin is an abundant polyphenol biopolymeric material chemically functionalisable to act as flame retardant in polymers.

Cited by 70 publications

References 39 publications

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Saccharina japonica Alga for Bio-Oil Upgrading

Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins

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