Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid prepolymer modified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber

Peter, Roshin; Venugopalan, Vijay; Ramakrishnan, S.; Sukumar, Rugmini; Menon, A. R. R.

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.011

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Figure demonstrates the TEM micrographs of the unmodified and modified kaolin, revealing agglomeration of kaolin platelets in the unmodified state, whereas some degree of in‐between separation is visible in the case of SMK . The kaolinite nano‐sized particles were found within the range 30–80 nm in thickness (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Radiation fabrication and characterization of the nanocomposite: Waste polyethylene /ethylene propylene diene/treated nanokaolin

et al. 2015

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In this study, Kaolin modified with vinyltriethoxysilane (SMK) was compounded with the blend, waste polyethylene /ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), 50/50 wt%, by melt intercalation. The effect of SMK loading on the physicomechanical properties of the blend was examined by varying its incorporation (3–15 phr). The composites were irradiated using gamma irradiation within the range 25–200 kGy. Tensile and modulus parameters were investigated at various feed ratios of SMK at variable gamma radiation dose. The thermal stability was examined for various composites using thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the tensile properties increased with increasing filler loading, conversely, swelling index reduced. Furthermore, the chemical crosslink density of 0.96 at 15 phr SMK indicated utmost reinforcement through blend‐filler matrix. Similarly the morphological studies, by scanning electron microscopy, supported the structural impact at that feed via improvement in the failure properties of the resulting composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:616–623, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Radiation fabrication and characterization of the nanocomposite: Waste polyethylene /ethylene propylene diene/treated nanokaolin

et al. 2015

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“…CNSL‐derived products can be utilized as chemical intermediates or additives: low budget side products/renewable natural resources or their derivatives may be applied as organo‐modifiers for kaolin to impart excellent compatibility with non‐polar rubbers with requisite physico‐mechanical characteristics for different application (Peter et al., 2015). Distilled technical cashew nut shell liquid was applied as an additive to convert triglycerides to biofuel, and there was no need for methyl esters formation (Sanjeeva et al., 2014).…”

Section: Applications As Ingredient In Functional Foods Industry Phar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional and bio‐active constituents, functional activities, and industrial applications of cashew (Anacardium occidentale): A review

Chen,

Li,

Guo

et al. 2023

Food Frontiers

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Cashew nut is a globally popular nut not only for its delicious and crunchy flavor but also for bioactive compounds, which present positive benefits to human health. Different parts of cashew have characteristic compounds. The kernel of cashew nut is rich in fatty acids, the testa is rich in polyphenols, cashew apple is rich in polyphenols and carotenoids, and phenols with aliphatic long chain are present in the cashew nutshell liquid. Therefore, the edible part of cashew possesses a wide range of bioactive compounds, with reported biological properties, including anti‐tumor, brain health, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, anti‐diabetic, gastroprotection, pathophysiological disorders protection, and antioxidant. On the other hand, the inedible part of cashew, the cashew nutshell liquid, could play an important role in the industry as surface coatings, insulating formulations and so on. Hence, there are considerable demands to increase the added value of cashew, thereby exploring greater economic value. Thus, this review summarizes nutrients, bioactive compounds, biological functions, and applications of Anacardium occidentale to provide a theoretical basis and inspiration for further in‐depth studies and utilization.

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“…The detailed characterization using TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscope), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) shows that PCNSL could act as a coupling agent and compatibilizer between kaolin and rubber. Peter et al [12] synthesized NR composites containing modified kaolin filler and they obtained improved physico-mechanical properties by the load of 8 phr of PCNSL modified kaolin. The present paper describes the specific property enhancement obtained while adding solvent treated PCNSL and the sodium salt of PCNSL in single NR (natural rubber) and its blend vulcanizate, which were compared with the SRSO (sodium salt of rubber seed oil) and commercially available cloisite added composite.…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Prepolymer Modified Kaolin as a Reinforcing Filler for Rubber Vulcanizates—Comparison with SRSO Modified Kaolin and Cloisite

Vijay¹,

Menon²

2019

JMSE-B

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NR (natural rubber) based and its blend with BR (polybutadiene rubber) and NBR (nitrile rubber) composites were synthesized using reinforcing filler and other relevant additives. PCNSL (phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid) modified kaolin, SRSO (sodium salt of rubber seed oil) modified kaolin and commercially available cloisite 30b were used as filler for reinforcement to achieve improved mechanical properties. Kaolin was modified with PCNSL either in two methods, by solvent treated method or sodium salt method and varying concentrations were prepared for comparison. No rate of intercalation was found with solvent treated PCNSL, but achieved with sodium salt of PCNSL. While comparing SRSO and SPCNSL, it is found that better intercalation and property improvement were achieved with only SRSO, since it possesses up to 18 carbon atoms in the side chain than the PCNSL with 15 carbon atoms side chain.

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Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid prepolymer modified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Radiation fabrication and characterization of the nanocomposite: Waste polyethylene /ethylene propylene diene/treated nanokaolin

Radiation fabrication and characterization of the nanocomposite: Waste polyethylene /ethylene propylene diene/treated nanokaolin

The nutritional and bio‐active constituents, functional activities, and industrial applications of cashew (Anacardium occidentale): A review

Phosphorylated Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Prepolymer Modified Kaolin as a Reinforcing Filler for Rubber Vulcanizates—Comparison with SRSO Modified Kaolin and Cloisite

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