Phosphorylated abacavir analogue (ABC‐1) has ameliorative action against Newcastle disease virus induced pathogenesis in chicken

Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes huge economic loss to the poultry industry due to high mortality and morbidity. The present study aimed to assess the protective role of novel phosphorylated analogue ABC-1 in vivo in NDV-infected chickens through the inhibition of fusion protein. Both NDV-induced oxidative damage and protective role of novel phosphorylated ABC-1 were evaluated in vital organs such as the liver and lung of chickens. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that protein oxidation and nitration levels were significantly raised in NDV-infected tissues compared to healthy controls, whereas these levels were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in birds treated with phosphorylated compounds compared to the NDV-infected group alone. Additional investigation with double immunofluorescence showed that the large amount of immuno colocalization and Western blot analysis also confirmed this observation through its band pattern in NDV-infected birds compared to healthy birds, whereas these alterations were reduced in treatment with novel phosphorylated ABC-1. The expression of fusion glycoprotein was studied by immuno colocalization, PCR, and flow cytometry, and results demonstrated that the novel phosphorylated analogues reduced the expression of fusion glycoprotein. These results put forth that novel phosphorylated ABC-1 protects chickens from NDV-induced pathogenesis, protein oxidation/nitration, and exerts potent antiviral activity.

Antiviral Chemotherapy in Avian Medicine—A Review

“…There is evidence that abacavir and its derivates showed antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which is the cause of Newcastle disease (ND) [ 25 , 35 ]. Due to its high mortality and morbidity, NDV is a devastating virus and causes huge economic loss to the poultry industry.…”

“…Because of the better binding affinity of three compounds, these three compounds were chosen for the synthesis of phosphorylated compounds and further in vitro studies on DF-1 cells. One of them (ABC-1) showed marked anti-NDV activity compared to two other compounds and has been further studied [ 25 , 35 ]. The antiviral activity of ABC-1 was also better than the parent compound, abacavir, which has been evidenced by its significant decrease in HA titer and lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzyme levels.…”

“…The antiviral activity of ABC-1 was also better than the parent compound, abacavir, which has been evidenced by its significant decrease in HA titer and lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzyme levels. Further studies of ABC-1 showed that tissue oxidative stress has been reduced and the expression of fusion protein caused by NDV infection has been inhibited in the NDV-infected chickens treated with ABC-1 in a dose of 2 mg/kg BW PO from the fourth day post-infection [ 35 ]. Immunolocalization, PCR, and flow cytometry analysis also showed that the novel phosphorylated compounds are effective in inhibiting the fusion protein expression, which is important in the replication of NDV.…”