Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

Abstract

The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis. The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite, but some are contaminated, and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas, meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population. No single solution exists, but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves, but to result in a more efficient, sustainable phosphorus cycle. Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land, alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems, and the interactions between soil physics, chemistry and biology, coupled with plant traits. Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus (e.g., organic phosphorus) and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently. The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies. Clear opportunities exist, and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.

Endangering the integrity of science by misusing unvalidated models and untested assumptions as facts: General considerations and the mineral and phosphorus scarcity fallacy

“…Thus, imagining a fixed pie, many people are afraid of a rapid end of sufficient phosphorus supply. This basic scarcity fear came to the fore again in September 2019, when the British newspaper The Guardian published an article with the headline “Phosphate fertiliser ‘crisis’ threatens world food supply” (Carrington ( 2019 ), based on an article by Blackwell et al ( 2019 )). In a search for sensationalism or attention, “news” of a possible supply disaster appears in waves every 10 to 20 years.…”

Changing role of law-making in responding to planetary boundaries?

“…59 The consequence is that the development of a "throw-away society" was and remains inevitable. Valuable resources such as rare earth minerals, phosphorous, 60 and even the (apparently plentiful) hydrocarbons used in the production of plastics and in transport and heating are simply used and discarded as waste.…”

Gene Expression Responses to Sequential Nutrient Deficiency Stresses in Soybean

“…Thus, despite its abundance, phosphorus is the most rate-limiting macronutrient in agricultural production [ 9 ]. Due to these factors, almost 30% of cropland around the world is P i deficient [ 10 ]. To overcome this limitation and preserve yield, phosphorus is applied as a fertilizer.…”