Phosphorus Release from Unamended and Gypsum‐ or Biochar‐Amended Soils under Simulated Snowmelt and Summer Flooding Conditions

Dharmakeerthi, R. S.; Kumaragamage, Darshani; Goltz, Douglas M.; Indraratne, S. P.

doi:10.2134/jeq2019.02.0091

Cited by 24 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This is also clearly indicated by the highly significant ( P < .001) negative relationship between soil Eh and floodwater DRP concentration under warm flooding in all soils (Supplemental Table S4), whereas under cold flooding of frozen and unfrozen soils the relationship was weaker and often not significant. Consistent with these observations, previous studies reported significantly lower P release from flooded sediments at 7 °C than at 35 C (Sallade & Sims, 1997) and from frozen soils flooded at 4 °C than unfrozen soils flooded at 20 °C (Dharmakeerthi et al., 2019a), suggesting a lower redox‐induced P release under spring snowmelt than summer conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded‐anaerobic conditions

et al. 2020

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Increased phosphorus (P) availability under flooded, anaerobic conditions may accelerate P loss from soils to water bodies. Existing knowledge on P release to floodwater from flooded soils is limited to summer conditions and/or room temperatures. Spring snowmelt runoff, which occurs under cold temperatures with frequent freeze-thaw events, is the dominant mode of P loss from agricultural lands to water bodies in the Canadian Prairies. This research examined the effects of temperature on P dynamics under flooded conditions in a laboratory study using five agricultural soils from Manitoba, Canada. The treatments were (a) freezing for 1 wk at −20 • C, thawing and flooding at 4 ± 1 • C (frozen, cold); (b) flooding unfrozen soil at 4 ± 1 • C (unfrozen, cold); and (c) flooding unfrozen soil at 20 ± 2 • C (warm). Pore water and surface water were collected weekly over 8 wk and analyzed for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), pH, calcium, magnesium, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Soils under warm flooding showed enhanced P release with significantly higher DRP concentrations in pore and surface floodwater compared with cold flooding of frozen and unfrozen soils.The development of anaerobic conditions was slow under cold flooding with only a slight decrease in Eh, whereas under warm flooding Eh declined sharply, favoring reductive dissolution reactions releasing P, Fe, and Mn. Pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations were similar between frozen and unfrozen soil under cold flooding, suggesting that one freeze-thaw event prior to flooding had minimal effect on P release under simulated snowmelt conditions. Abbreviations: DAF, days after flooding; DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Dharmakeerthi et al. (2019a) also reported a lower rate of P diffusion from pore water to floodwater under cold flooding of frozen soils compared with warm flooding of unfrozen soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded‐anaerobic conditions

et al. 2020

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“…To examine the temperature and freeze–thaw effects on P transfer from pore water to overlying floodwater, we explored the relationships between DRP concentrations in floodwater and pore water under SSF and IFT flooding conditions. Based on the temperature effect on P diffusion coefficient and findings from previous studies (Dharmakeerthi, Kumaragamage, Goltz, & Indraratne, 2019; MacKay & Barber, 1984; Tang et al., 2016), we expected an enhanced P diffusion under warm temperatures compared with cold temperatures; however, the same regression equation fitted the data under both SSF and IFT in the current study (Figure 3). The slopes for the separate regression equations developed for the SSF and IFT data (not shown in the figure) were not significantly ( P > .05) different.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Phosphorus mobilization from intact soil monoliths flooded under simulated summer versus spring snowmelt with intermittent freeze–thaw conditions

et al. 2021

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Enhanced phosphorus (P) release from flooded, anaerobic soils has been extensively studied under summer temperatures but not under cold temperatures with intermittent freeze–thaw events. We investigated the temperature and freeze–thaw effects during flooding on the release of P to floodwater from soil monoliths (15‐cm depth) collected from eight agricultural fields in Manitoba. Soil monoliths were flooded with reverse osmosis water and incubated for 56 d under simulated summer flooding (SSF; 22 ± 1 °C) or snowmelt flooding with intermittent freeze–thaw (IFT; 4 ± 1 °C with intermittent freezing) in triplicates. Redox potential (Eh), pore water and floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations, pH, and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn were determined weekly. In seven soils, Eh decreased rapidly with days after flooding (DAF) under SSF to values <200 mV but not under IFT. Both pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations significantly increased with DAF in all soils under SSF and in seven soils under IFT. Although DRP concentrations were consistently greater under SSF than IFT in four soils, other soils had similar concentrations at certain DAF. Significant relationships between ion concentrations and redox status that fitted both IFT and SSF data in most soils suggest that similar redox‐driven mechanisms are responsible for the P release; however, less P was released under IFT than under SSF because soils were not severely reduced under IFT. Substantial P release in a few soils under IFT appeared to be unrelated to redox status, suggesting other P release mechanisms that are not redox driven.

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“…This is because the interaction between snowmelt and soil is generally low (Gray et al, 2001), leading to an assumption that the associated efficacy of soil nutrient management in reducing nutrient loads is also low, an assumption that is not supported by research (Liu et al, 2019a). In the Canadian Prairies, Dharmakeerthi et al (2019) test the effects of different soil amendments (i.e., gypsum and woodchip biochar) on P release from soil to pore water and floodwater under simulated spring snowmelt and summer flooding conditions. They find that gypsum amendment is very effective in reducing P release under both cold and warm conditions, but biochar is not.…”

Section: Management Options For Agricultural Water Quality In Cold CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Water Quality in Cold Climates: Processes, Drivers, Management Options, and Research Needs

et al. 2019

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Cold agricultural regions are important sites of global food production. This has contributed to widespread water quality degradation influenced by processes and hydrologic pathways that differ from warm region analogues. In cold regions, snowmelt is often a dominant period of nutrient loss. Freeze-thaw processes contribute to nutrient mobilization. Frozen ground can limit infiltration and interaction with soils, and minimal nutrient uptake during the nongrowing season may govern nutrient export from agricultural catchments. This paper reviews agronomic, biogeochemical, and hydrological characteristics of cold agricultural regions and synthesizes findings of 23 studies that are published in this special section, which provide new insights into nutrient cycling and hydrochemical processes, model developments, and the efficacy of different potentially beneficial management practices (BMPs) across varied cold regions. Growing evidence suggests the need to redefine optimum soil phosphorus levels and input regimes in cold regions to allow achievement of water quality targets while still supporting strong agricultural productivity. Practices should be considered through a regional and site-specific lens, due to potential interactions between climate, hydrology, vegetation, and soils, which influence the efficacy of nutrient, crop, water, and riparian buffer management. This leads to differing suitability of BMPs across varied cold agricultural regions. We propose a systematic approach ("CUPCAKE"), to achieve water quality objectives in variable and changing climates, which combines nutrient transport process Conceptualization, Understanding BMP functions, Predicting effects of variability and change, Consideration of producer input and agronomic and environmental tradeoffs, practice Adaptation, Knowledge mobilization, and Evaluation of water quality improvement.

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Phosphorus Release from Unamended and Gypsum‐ or Biochar‐Amended Soils under Simulated Snowmelt and Summer Flooding Conditions

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded‐anaerobic conditions

Temperature and freezing effects on phosphorus release from soils to overlying floodwater under flooded‐anaerobic conditions

Phosphorus mobilization from intact soil monoliths flooded under simulated summer versus spring snowmelt with intermittent freeze–thaw conditions

Agricultural Water Quality in Cold Climates: Processes, Drivers, Management Options, and Research Needs

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