Phosphorescent immunosensor for simple and sensitive detection of microcystin-LR in water

Abstract

A simple and sensitive Mn–ZnS quantum dot room-temperature phosphorescent immunosensor for detecting microcystin-LR was developed.

A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins

“…This analytical tool can be classified either by their biological recognition element or signal transduction methods. A bioreceptor in biosensor is often combined with a suitable transduction method to generate a signal following interaction with the target molecule of interest [ 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ]. It is worthwhile noting that various natural and artificial biological elements including whole cells, enzymes, antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and nucleic acids are employed in biosensors [ 151 , 153 , 154 , 155 ].…”

“…At present, enzyme based biosensors (including optical and electrochemical biosensors), immunosensors (including electrochemical, piezoelectric, NMR-based and optical immunosensors such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) immunosensors, Evanescent Wave Fiber-optic immunosensors, Luminescent immunosensors, Fluorescent immunosensors, and Immunoarray biosensors) and nucleic acid biosensors (including electrochemical DNA and SPR-DNA biosensor) have been developed for successful MCs determination [ 151 , 152 , 153 , 156 ]. A rapid and sensitive SPR biosensor, which incorporates commercial Adda-group antibody (Ab) and has the capacity for broader recognition of various MC variants than earlier developed sensors for BGA supplements was established and validated.…”

“…The developed phosphorescent immunosensor, which acquired antigens and antibodies as recognition units and employed Mn-ZnS RTP QDs as sensing materials to specifically bind with MC-LR, also demonstrated rapid and sensitive MC-LR detection with linear ranges of 0.2–1.5 µg/L and 1.5–20 µg/L, LOD up to 0.024 µg/L, and recoveries were 93.1% to 105%. Interestingly, no significant obstruction was observed from coexisting MC-LR pollutants in water during the toxin’s determination [ 152 ]. Further, a novel Cu/Au/Pt trimetallic nanoparticles (Cu/Au/Pt TNs)-encapsulated DNA hydrogel prepared for colorimetric detection of MC-LR also detected the toxin with a linear range of 4.0–10.000 ng/L, LOD of 3.0 ng/L, and recoveries of fresh crucian carp tissue were in the range of 95.34% to 107.07% while the recoveries of water ranged from 93.96% to 105.33% [ 157 ].…”

“…The presence of this biological element makes biosensor system very specific and highly sensitive. This gives an upper edge over the conventional methods and bioassay in environmental sensing and detection [ 151 , 152 , 153 ]. Moreover, an ideal biosensor incorporates features of minimal training, power requirements, portability and presents meaningful results using less sample volumes and reagents.…”

A label-free RTP sensor based on aptamer/quantum dot nanocomposites for cytochrome c detection

“…31,32 Roomtemperature phosphorescent (RTP) QDs possess longer lifetime and much rare phosphorescence and thus can avoid the interference from the background uorescence of biological systems or from the autouorescence and scattering light of biological samples. [33][34][35] Moreover, the detection based on QDs and RTP does not need any deoxidizing agent or inductive agent and avoids any complex pretreatment. Thus, RTP QDs are more promising for the detection of biological samples or biomolecules.…”