Phosphorene for energy and catalytic application—filling the gap between graphene and 2D metal chalcogenides

Jain, Rishabh; Narayan, Rekha; Sasikala, Suchithra Padmajan; Lee, Jun Young; Jung, Hong Ju; Kim, Sang Ouk

doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aa89b3

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 321 publications

(352 reference statements)

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“…Inspired by graphene, other 2D materials have been explored as ORR/OER catalysts, such as phosphorene, antimonene, and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) . Understanding the influence of doped heteroatoms to these 2D materials at the atomic level can greatly facilitate catalyst design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting ORR/OER Activity of Graphdiyne by Simple Heteroatom Doping

et al. 2019

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Nitrogen‐doped graphdiynes recently emerged as promising metal‐free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. However, which type of N‐dopants contributing to the enhanced catalytic performance and the catalytic performances of other heteroatom‐doped graphdiynes has not been explored systematically. Herein, ORR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performances of X‐doped graphdiynes are examined by means of DFT computations (X = B, N, P, and S). It is revealed that the graphitic S‐doped graphdiyne (Model S1), the sp‐N‐doped graphdiyne (Model N3) and the graphitic P‐doped graphdiyne (Model P1) exhibit comparable or even better ORR/OER activities than Pt/C or RuO2, with ORR activity trend as Model S1 > Pt/C > Model N3 and OER trend as Model P1 > RuO2 > Model N3. The carbon atoms near N‐ and S‐dopants and featuring large positive charge are the ORR active sites in Models N3 and S1, whereas the carbon atoms near N‐ and P‐dopants and possessing high spin are the OER active sites in Models N3 and P1. Overall, this study not only gains deep insights into the catalytic activity of N‐doped graphdiyne for ORR, but also guides developing of graphdiyne‐based ORR/OER catalysts beyond N‐doping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting ORR/OER Activity of Graphdiyne by Simple Heteroatom Doping

et al. 2019

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“…A great deal of attention has been directed towards the solar‐driven abatement of azo dyes in aqueous media. Ongoing efforts involve BP‐based heterostructures, which is a new thrust for solar‐driven for photodegradation of model dyes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible‐ and NIR‐Light Responsive Black‐Phosphorus‐Based Nanostructures in Solar Fuel Production and Environmental Remediation

et al. 2018

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urgent need for the development of environmentally sustainable energy technologies. Solar energy is perhaps a sole source capable of meeting our ultimate energy needs. Storing solar energy in the form of a chemical fuel such as hydrogen (H 2 ) has been identified as one of the most promising means for a low-carbon strategy. Among many other methods, semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalysis, including water splitting, organic pollutant degradation, and nitrogen fixation, enables the direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. [1] At the heart of a photocatalytic system is the advanced photocatalytic materials. [2] From the viewpoints of direct utilizing the full spectrum of sunlight, developing photocatalytic materials that can efficiently harvest ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared (NIR) light, are highly desirable. Since early 2014, black phosphorus (BP), a newly emerging single-element 2D material, is drawing significant attention due to its fascinating properties including a layer-dependent direct-bandgap of 0.3−2.0 eV, high carrier mobility, and in-plane structural anisotropy. [3] The unusual physicochemical properties of BP are closely relevant to its unique layered structure as shown in Figure 1a. A single BP layer is covalently bound while multilayers are stacked together through relatively weak van der Waals forces. BP presents a slightly puckered honeycomb structure that features armchair-and zigzag-configurations along the x-and y-axial directions, respectively. At room temperature, bulk BP exhibits electron and hole mobilities of 220 and 350 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , respectively. The highest hole mobility of few-layer BP is ≈1000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 [4] that is comparable with that of silicon (Si). In particular, BP in the form of either few-layer nanosheets (also known as phosphorene with layer number less than 10) or associated ultrasmall quantum dots (with lateral size less than 20 nm, denoted as QDs) present extraordinary electronic and optical properties such as large extinction coefficient in the NIR region in particular. [5] Compared to a prototype photo catalytic material like titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) that only absorbs a small amount of solar spectrum (≈5%) with its absorption edge up to ≈360 nm, BPQDs can absorb a much higher portion of the solar spectrum up to ≈1400 nm (Figure 1b). To date, various top-down exfoliation methods (e.g., liquid-, electrochemistry-, and plasma-assisted) have been devised to prepare BP nanosheets with controlled layer numbers and BPQDs with Direct utilization of the full spectrum of renewable solar light, in particular the visible-and near-infrared (NIR) portions, is currently receiving a great deal of attention in solar-to-chemical energy conversion-a clean, economically, and environmentally sustainable process. Black phosphorus (BP), a newly emerging class of ultrathin 2D nanomaterials rediscovered in early 2014, fulfills this purpose due to its unique properties like high charge-carrier mobility and tunable direct-bandgap. To this end, the rat...

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“…Particularly, with respect to zero‐gap graphene and large bandgap (1.5–2.5 eV) TMDCs, BP is well‐recognized as semiconductor with tunable layer‐dependent direct bandgap. Its band gap changes from 0.3 eV to 2.1 eV, corresponding to bulk BP to mono‐layer BP, which facilitates a broad photon absorption in visible and near‐infrared (NIR) region ,. These inherent properties endow BP nanosheets ideal candidates for application as photocatalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S Photocatalyst Modified by 2D Black Phosphorus for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Water

et al. 2018

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In this work, a photocatalyst composited of Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S and 2D black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets was successfully constructed for high-efficient hydrogen evolution. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of BP x /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Remarkably, the hydrogen production rate of optimal BP 15.2 / Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S nanocomposite achieves as high as 137.17 mmol/g/h under visible light irradiation (l > 420 nm), which is 5 times of that of pristine Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S. The corresponding apparent quan-tum efficiency (QE) is measured to be 36.3 % at 420 nm. Moreover, the hydrogen production rate reaches 26.96 mmol/g/ h for BP 15.2 /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S under the irradiation of light with wavelength longer than 510 nm. The improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the interfacial contact between BP and Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S, which efficiently promotes electron-hole pair separation. Moreover, 2D black phosphorus has successfully extended the absorption spectrum of BP x /Zn 0.5 Cd 0.5 S to the wavelength longer than 510 nm. Our result highlights the significance of BP as co-catalyst in the development of new photocatalysis for hydrogen production from water.

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Phosphorene for energy and catalytic application—filling the gap between graphene and 2D metal chalcogenides

Cited by 48 publications

References 321 publications

Boosting ORR/OER Activity of Graphdiyne by Simple Heteroatom Doping

Boosting ORR/OER Activity of Graphdiyne by Simple Heteroatom Doping

Visible‐ and NIR‐Light Responsive Black‐Phosphorus‐Based Nanostructures in Solar Fuel Production and Environmental Remediation

A Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S Photocatalyst Modified by 2D Black Phosphorus for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Water

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Phosphorene for energy and catalytic application—filling the gap between graphene and 2D metal chalcogenides

Cited by 48 publications

References 321 publications

Boosting ORR/OER Activity of Graphdiyne by Simple Heteroatom Doping

Boosting ORR/OER Activity of Graphdiyne by Simple Heteroatom Doping

Visible‐ and NIR‐Light Responsive Black‐Phosphorus‐Based Nanostructures in Solar Fuel Production and Environmental Remediation

A Zn0.5Cd0.5S Photocatalyst Modified by 2D Black Phosphorus for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Water

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A Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S Photocatalyst Modified by 2D Black Phosphorus for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Water