Phosphonates in Matrices

Papathanasiou, Konstantinos E.; Demadis, Konstantinos D.

doi:10.1002/9781118792223.ch3

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…However, there is a class of metal phosphonate compounds (salts) where the deprotonated (anionic) phosphonate plays the role of the counterion to a cationic metal complex, or to a cationic coordination polymer. Such non-coordinating systems are useful in modeling phosphonate compounds in biological [53], polymeric, [54], or hydrogel matrices [6,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platonic Relationships in Metal Phosphonate Chemistry: Ionic Metal Phosphonates

et al. 2019

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Phosphonate ligands demonstrate strong affinity for metal ions. However, there are several cases where the phosphonate is found non-coordinated to the metal ion. Such compounds could be characterized as salts, since the interactions involved are ionic and hydrogen bonding. In this paper we explore a number of such examples, using divalent metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ni2+) and the phosphonic acids: p-aminobenzylphosphonic acid (H2PABPA), tetramethylenediamine-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (H8TDTMP), and 1,2-ethylenediphosphonic acid (H4EDPA). The compounds isolated and structurally characterized are [Mg(H2O)6]·[HPABPA]2·6H2O, [Ca(H2O)8]·[HPABPA]2, [Sr(H2O)8]·[HPABPA]2, [Mg(H2O)6]·[H6TDTMP], and [Ni(H2O)6]·[H2EDPA]·H2O. Also, the coordination polymer {[Ni(4,4’-bpy)(H2O)4]·[H2EDPA]·H2O}n was synthesized and characterized, which contains a bridging 4,4’-bipyridine (4,4’-bpy) ligand forming an infinite chain with the Ni2+ cations. All these compounds contain the phosphonate anion as the counterion to charge balance the cationic charge originating from the metal cation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platonic Relationships in Metal Phosphonate Chemistry: Ionic Metal Phosphonates

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPT) as well as antiscalants based on phosphonic acid are used widely at RO water treatment facilities. Among them the organophosphonates are dominating the global market [6][7][8][9]. They are readily soluble in water, non-toxic and effective at low treatment concentrations [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to traditional phosphonates, more complex compounds, such as diphosphonate or tetraphosphonates, are synthesized and studied [6,11]. Ongoing interest in the application of phosphonates is due its high efficiency in preventing the nucleation , 0 2019) E3S Web of Conferences https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /2019 ( 0 0 100 1000 00 1 00 1 EKO-DOK 2019 and crystallization of many sparingly soluble inorganic salts [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of various organophosphonate additives as calcium carbonate inhibitors for reverse osmosis

Andrianov

Govorova

2019

E3S Web Conf.

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Various chemical additives are used in water treatment industry, among them – precipitation inhibitors for reverse osmosis membrane facilities. The development and synthesis of new inhibitor formulas and the study of their effectiveness is still an urgent task for many researchers working in this field. The relationship between the structure of phosphonate scale inhibitors and their effectiveness in preventing of calcium carbonate precipitation was studied. Two classes of tetraphosphonate and diphosphonate inhibitors that possess systematic structural similarities and differences have been tested on the laboratory membrane unit. All chemicals were tested at doses of 1 and 5 mg/L. The results showed that the antiscalant efficiency for both groups of inhibitors increases with elongation of methylene chain, but the longest compounds have a sharp drop in inhibition efficiency.

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“…Environmentally-friendly polymers have been developed to reduce hazardous post effect of discharging RO concentrate into surface water. However, based on these investigations, the most popular application approaches of scale inhibitors are still based on (poly)phosphonates [3][4][5][6]. They are readily soluble in water, non-toxic and effective at low treatment concentrations [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to traditional phosphonates, more complex compounds, for example, diphosphonate or tetraphosphonates, are synthesized and studied [3,9]. Previous studies of di-and tetra-phosphonates conducted by the authors did not include the determination of their effectiveness in conditions of reverse osmosis desalination, especially for calcium carbonate scale prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Performance of Tetraphosphonate and Diphosphonate as Reverse Osmosis Scale Inhibitors

et al. 2018

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Reverse osmosis (RO) technologies are widely used throughout the world for drinking, industrial and waste water treatment purposes. Proper and economically attractive operation of RO installations should be provided by the correct maintenance of all technical process parameters. One of the significant operational problems is precipitation and deposition of sparingly-soluble salts on the membrane surface, which can be prevented by dosing special chemical additives into the feed solution. The aim of the present work is to reveal the structure/function relationship of phosphonate scale inhibitors, which possess systematic structural similarities and differences. Specifically, two classes of tetraphosphonate (5 additives) and diphosphonate (6 additives) have been tested as calcium carbonate scale inhibitors on the lab membrane unit. It was found that among the family of tetraphosphonates and diphosphonates the inhibitor efficiency increases with elongation –(CH2)– chain, but the longest additives have a sharp drop in inhibition efficiency.

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Phosphonates in Matrices

Cited by 8 publications

References 215 publications

Platonic Relationships in Metal Phosphonate Chemistry: Ionic Metal Phosphonates

Platonic Relationships in Metal Phosphonate Chemistry: Ionic Metal Phosphonates

Study of various organophosphonate additives as calcium carbonate inhibitors for reverse osmosis

Comparative Performance of Tetraphosphonate and Diphosphonate as Reverse Osmosis Scale Inhibitors

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