Phosphines in artificial photosynthesis: considering different aspects such as chromophores, water reduction catalysts (WRCs), water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), and dyads

Abstract

Coordination complex systems containing phosphine ligands are used in artificial photosynthesis utilizing their unique stereoelectronic properties. Mono-, di- and tetraphosphines act as optimized ligand systems for complexation.

The influence of trinuclear complexes on light-induced hydrogen production

“…6, blue) was calculated, and the resulting incident photon conversion efficiency (IPCE, see ESI †) for trimetallic 8b is 2.1%. In order to make this calculation of the IPCE possible, a calibration of the photoreactor by actinometry has been performed (see the ESI, † pages [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Similar systems of the mono-and bis-ligand with phenyl instead of anisyl groups already exist. 6,15,[17][18][19][20][21] In this study, we present, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, an anisyl containing PNP-ligand with multiple coordination sites to produce trimetallic complexes. Their mononuclear relatives do not exhibit the benzene function.…”

“…[11][12][13] The electronic and steric effects of the substituents on the phosphine ligand have an influence on the auxiliary ligands and their transition metal complexes: electronegative substituents lower the energy gap of the anti-binding s*-orbitals, benefitting p-acceptor properties. 14,15 In this work, the newly developed tris-ligand (Scheme 1, 3) is substituted with methoxy groups in the ortho positions of the phenyl residues at the P atoms, which causes an inductive electron withdrawing effect and is stabilised through mesomerism. Moreover, anisyl phosphines exhibit enhanced catalytic stability compared to phenyl phosphine analogues.…”

“…Moreover, anisyl phosphines exhibit enhanced catalytic stability compared to phenyl phosphine analogues. 5,6,15,16 Another beneficial preparative side effect is that the educt di-ortho anisyl phosphine is a powder and easy to handle in comparison to its easily inflammable diphenyl phosphine relative, which makes it attractive for larger scale reactions. Similar systems of the monoand bis-ligand with phenyl instead of anisyl groups already exist.…”

Analysis of Photosynthetic Systems and Their Applications with Mathematical and Computational Models

“…Several computational techniques are also available in the literature for studying artificial photosynthesis [205][206][207][208]. In addition, the use of the small molecules to trigger the photosynthesis reaction has been recently studied in [209][210][211][212][213][214].…”