Phosphatidylethanolamine is externalized at the surface of microparticles

Larson, M.C.; Woodliff, Jeffrey; Hillery, Cheryl A.; Kearl, Tyce; Zhao, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.017

Cited by 55 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…There is considerable overlap in size, since moribund cells shed “apoptotic microparticles” as well [19], obfuscating attempts to neatly and orderly classify biological phenomena by size alone. In terms of membrane constituents, MVs have been defined by their ability to bind to annexin V, a PS-binding protein; however, this definition is incomplete, as certain MV populations fail to bind annexin V [20] or even the more sensitive PS probe, lactadherin while binding to the novel phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) probe, duramycin [21] or other surface markers [20]. As virtually all cells shed MVs in various degrees in response to a myriad of stimuli, there is much heterogeneity in their functions.…”

Section: What Are Microvesicles?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology

Larson

Hillery

Hogg

2014

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Microparticles or microvesicles (MV) are sub-cellular membrane blebs shed from all cells in response to various stimuli. MVs carry a battery of signaling molecules, many of them related to redox-regulated processes. The role of MVs, either as a cause or result of cellular redox signaling has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. This is in part due to advances in flow cytometry and its detection of MVs. Notably, recent studies have shown circulating MVs from platelets and endothelial cells drive reactive species-dependent angiogenesis; circulating MVs in cancer alter the microenvironment and enhance invasion through horizontal transfer of mutated proteins and nucleic acids, and harbor redox-regulated matrix metalloproteinases and pro-coagulative surface molecules; and circulating MVs from RBCs and other cells modulate cell-cell interactions through scavenging or production of nitric oxide and other free radicals. While our recognition of MVs in redox-related processes is growing, especially in the vascular biology field, much remains unknown regarding the various biologic and pathologic functions of MVs. Like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, MVs were originally believed to have a solely a pathological role in biology. And like our understanding of reactive species, it is now clear that MVs also play an important role in normal growth, development, and homeostasis. We are just beginning to understand how MVs are involved in various biological processes—developmental, homeostatic and pathological—and the role of MVs in redox signaling is an rich and exciting area of investigation.

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Section: What Are Microvesicles?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology

Larson

Hillery

Hogg

2014

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…Hence, the prepared resealed erythrocyte formulation was lyophilized. Lyophilized product stability was assessed by determining the % hemolysis after re-suspending the product [17].…”

Section: Stability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Invitro Characterization of Metformin Loaded Resealed Erythrocytes

Viswanad¹,

Aiswarya²,

Parvathy³

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to retard the release of metformin using carrier erythrocyte for getting a parenteral slow release depot formulation. Methods:The study retards the release of metformin by encapsulating in carrier erythrocyte. Endocytosis is the method used for the encapsulation of the drug metformin.Results: The optimized formulation shows 98.34% of drug release within 12 days. From the in vitro release data, zero order kinetic graph shows the best fit graph. % cell recovered was found to be 73-78% and it suggests that the loading technique was less destructive. Conclusion:The optimized formulation is a perfect carrier for the parenteral slow release depot of metformin.

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“…This can be identified by binding of labelled annexin V, a reagent often used for flow cytometric analysis of apoptotic cells. However, more recently several groups have identified MVs lacking PS on the outer membrane, suggesting that this is not essential for MV formation (Larson et al 2012, Hou et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Lawson¹,

Vicencio²,

Yellon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

285

241

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The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular debris, EVs are now seen as novel mediators of endocrine signalling via cell-to-cell communication.With the capability of transferring proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, they have become an attractive focus of research for different pathological settings and are now regarded as both mediators and biomarkers of disease including cardio-metabolic disease. They also offer therapeutic potential as signalling agents capable of targeting tissues or cells with specific peptides or miRNAs. In this review, we focus on the role that microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, the two most studied classes of EV, have in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathies, and polycystic ovary syndrome. We also provide an overview of current developments in MV/exosome isolation techniques from plasma and other fluids, comparing different available commercial and non-commercial methods. We describe different techniques for their optical/biochemical characterization and quantitation. We also review the signalling pathways that exosomes and MVs activate in target cells and provide some insight into their use as biomarkers or potential therapeutic agents. In summary, we give an updated focus on the role that these exciting novel nanoparticles offer for the endocrine community.

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Phosphatidylethanolamine is externalized at the surface of microparticles

Cited by 55 publications

References 39 publications

Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology

Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology

Design and Invitro Characterization of Metformin Loaded Resealed Erythrocytes

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

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