Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms and Phosphate Solubilizing <i>Rhizobium</i> – Mini Review

Abstract

Phosphorus is the main nutrient element for plant growth, whereas most of phosphate in soil is fixated by calcium, aluminum, iron and organic compounds. Available phosphate deficiency has been the main limiting factor that influences the yield and quality of agricultural products. P solubilizing microorganisms have been widely reported of solubilizing different forms of insoluble phosphates. P solubilizing Rhizobium, especially for strains with the ability of secreting 3-Indole acetic acid, which is also capable of fixating N and inoculation, is found excellent in promoting growth and yield of legume crops, which decreases the cost of agricultural production and the side effect of P application to the environment. The mechanism and amount range of P solubilization for Rhizobium are varied among strains. These results and phenomena from different studies are discussed in this paper.

Influence of Rhizobia Inoculation and Rock-Phosphate on Biomass and Nitrogen Content of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Seedlings

“…This might be due to the fact that the growth promoting effect of TAL582 was higher than that of TAL82, and it might also be due to the difference in phosphate solubilizing capabilities between the two strains. Phosphate solubilizing capability was believed to be closely related to the kind of organic acids secreted by different strains.This is in agreement with Zhang et al(2013) who found that phosphate solubilizing capability of various bacteria was significantly different. Phosphorus has a key role in nodule development through its basic functions in plants as it is the inorganic moiety of adenosine triphosphate; an energy rich source which affects important cell functions; translocation of sugars, photosynthesis, root growth and other functions which directly or indirectly influence significantly N fixation by legume plants.…”

Sustainable Chemistry: Solubilization of Phosphorus from Insoluble Phosphate Material Hydroxyapatite with Ozonized Biochar

“…The green chemistry of phosphorus solubilization with ozonized biochar as exemplified in eq may have practical implications to develop a new type of P fertilizer without requiring strong industrial acids. Furthermore, many agricultural soils naturally contain significant amounts of insoluble phosphate materials, which crop plants commonly cannot utilize; − any science progress that could help unlock phosphorus from the insoluble phosphate materials in soil for crop plants to utilize would be highly desirable. The ozonized biochar-enhanced chemistry of phosphorus solubilization may provide a new research opportunity for scientists and engineers in the field to explore as a new possible way to “unlock” the phosphorus from insoluble phosphate mineral phases for overcoming the challenge of sustainability − for agroecosystems.…”

“…The use of this green chemistry with ozonized biochar (which can be renewably made from waste biomass) may provide a new approach to solubilize phosphorus from phosphate rock materials, such as hydroxyapatite, to develop a new type of P fertilizer in a more environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, many agricultural soils naturally contain significant amounts of insoluble phosphate materials, which crop plants commonly cannot utilize, − since they often “lock” the available P by strong adsorption into the insoluble phosphate mineral phases in soils . Recently, a number of approaches, including “nanocomposite fertilizers” and “synthetic apatite nanoparticles”, were tested in trying to overcome this longstanding challenge. , The green chemistry of phosphorus solubilization with ozonized biochar that we learned from the study with soil-free samples might also have scientific implications to better understand how to solubilize P from insoluble phosphate materials and thus reduce the use of phosphorus fertilizer required to achieve the desired phosphorus activity and crop uptake and yield goals.…”