Phosphate-Regulated Induction of Intracellular Ribonucleases in Cultured Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) Cells

Löffler, Andreas; Abel, Steffen; Jost, Wolfgang H.; Beintema, Jaap J.; Glund, Konrad

doi:10.1104/pp.98.4.1472

Cited by 98 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This includes the induction of a large number of hydrolytic enzymes (44), which are thought to be involved in the recycling of nutrients from the vegetative to the reproductive organs (45). A role for RNase LE in phosphate rescue has been suggested because it is secreted from tomato cells following phosphate starvation (46,47). To test whether phosphate limitation could induce the expression of the RNS2 gene, RNA was isolated from Arabidopsis seedlings that had been placed in phosphate-free medium or in medium containing 1.25 mM phosphate for 12 hr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNS2: a senescence-associated RNase of Arabidopsis that diverged from the S-RNases before speciation.

Taylor

Bariola

delCardayré

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

222

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Several self-compatible species of higher plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, have recently been found to contain S-like RNases. These S-like RNases are homologous to the S-RNases that have been hypothesized to control selfincompatibility in Solanaceous species. However, the relationship of the S-like RNases to the S-RNases is unknown, and their roles in self-compatible plants are not understood. To address these questions, we have investigated the RNS2 gene, which encodes an S-like RNase (RNS2) of Arabidopsis. Amino acid sequence comparisons indicate that RNS2 and other S-like RNases make up a subclass within an RNase superfamily, which is distinct from the subclass formed by the S-RNases. RNS2 is most similar to RNase LE [Jost, W., Bak, H., Glund, K., Terpstra, P., Beintema, J. J. (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. 198,[1][2][3][4][5][6], an S-like RNase from Lycopersicon esculentum, a Solanaceous species. The fact that RNase LE is more similar to RNS2 than to the S-RNases from other Solanaceous plants indicates that the S-like RNases diverged from the S-RNases prior to speciation. Like the S-RNase genes, RNS2 is most highly expressed in flowers, but unlike the S-RNase genes, RNS2 is also expressed in roots, stems, and leaves of Arabidopsis. Moreover, the expression of RNS2 is increased in both leaves and petals of Arabidopsis during senescence. Phosphate starvation can also induce the expression ofRNS2. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that one role of RNS2 in Arabidopsis may be to remobilize phosphate, particularly when cells senesce or when phosphate becomes limiting.Fundamental insights into the relationship between protein structure and function and gene evolution have been gained from the study of members of the pancreatic RNase superfamily typified by RNase A (1). Another RNase family has recently been identified in the plant kingdom (2). RNases in this family are not homologous to the pancreatic RNase superfamily but rather share homology with a class of fungal RNases that includes RNase T2 ofAspergillus oryzae (3). The plant members of this family include the S-RNases, proteins associated with a self-recognition response known as selfincompatibility (SI) in certain species of higher plants. In Nicotiana alata and other members of the Solanaceae, pollen carrying a particular allele at the S locus, which controls SI, are unable to fertilize plants carrying the same S allele. The mechanism by which S-RNases may participate in the rejection of incompatible pollen is unknown; however, their genes cosegregate with the S locus (4).Initially it seemed plausible that the S-RNases were highly specialized polymorphic enzymes, without homologs in selfcompatible species. However, several recent studies have shown that this is not the case. Among these are dataThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.obtained from PCR experiments perform...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNS2: a senescence-associated RNase of Arabidopsis that diverged from the S-RNases before speciation.

Taylor

Bariola

delCardayré

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

222

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“…Pi starvation of tomato cell cultures leads to the co-regulated induction of several extracellular and intracellular (vacuolar and extravacuolar) ribonucleases (Dodds et al, 1996;Köck et al, 1995;Löffler et al, 1992;Nürnberger et al, 1990). Arabidopsis was shown to contain at least 16 proteins with ribonuclease activity (Yen and Green, 1991).…”

Section: Phosphate Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Transport and Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Poirier

Bucher

2002

The Arabidopsis Book

254

247

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. It serves various basic biological functions as a structural element in nucleic acids and phospholipids, in energy metabolism, in the activation of metabolic intermediates, as a component in signal transduction cascades, and the regulation of enzymes.Of the major nutrients, P is the most dilute and the least mobile in soil. High sorbing capacity for P in the soil (e.g. sorbtion to metal oxides), P mineralization (e.g. calcium phosphates such as apatite), and/or fixation of P in organic soil matter (by converting soluble P into organic molecules) result in low availability of this macronutrient for uptake into plants (Marschner, 1995). P is absorbed by plants as orthophosphate (Pi, inorganic phosphate). Pi concentration in the soil solution hardly reaches 10 μM and may even drop to submicromolar levels at the root/soil interface, where Pi uptake by plants and root surface-colonizing microorganisms leads to the generation of a zone of Pi depletion around the root cylinder that is maintained due to slow diffusion of Pi from regions distant to the root surface ( Figure 1).In industrialized countries, low P availability in agricultural soils is compensated by a high input of P fertilizer to guarantee high crop productivity and yield. Water run-off, soil erosion and leakage in highly fertilized agricultural soils may cause environmental problems such as eutrophication of lakes and rivers. As forecasted by Tilman et al. (2001), during the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture by 2050 will be accompanied by an approximate 2.5-fold increase in nitrogen-and P-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems. Modern agricultural soils are almost universally maintained at high fertilization. Selection of new cultivars is usually made under such conditions and will not normally distinguish between plants varying in nutrient efficiency (Stevens and Rick, 1986). To alleviate the forecasted adverse negative effects of agricultural expansion, scientists have started to use classical breeding strategies and biotechnology to improve crop plants, based on the current knowledge and aiming at an improved crop yield with a lower input of fertilizer, thus protecting the environment.In contrast, in many developing tropical countries, subsistence farmers can not buy enough fertilizer due to limited financial capacities or poor infrastructure (Sanchez et al., 1997). As a consequence, P deprivation dramatically limits crop yield and is one of the reasons for poverty and malnutrition. In the future, agriculture from both developed as well as developing countries could thus benefit from modern crop varieties with enhanced P efficiency, thus leading to improved fertilizer management and increased crop yield on low-P soils. Thorough knowledge of the plant...

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“…Production of ribonucleases also increases under P deficiency to mobilize Pi from internal RNA pools [18][19][20][21]. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) not only serves as the alternative pathway supplying carbon skeleton to the TCA cycle but also for Pi recycling via the PEP-consuming and glycolate pathways [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic alterations proposed by proteome in rice roots grown under low P and high Al concentration under low pH

et al. 2007

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Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. 464 detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. 56 of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al stress. An increase in nucleotide monomer synthesis was indicated from the related proteomic alterations, which mediate the reversible reactions of the triose phosphate/pentose phosphate pool, and the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway under both stress conditions. Carbon flow to the TCA cycle and N assimilation were altered in proteomic level. The changes could be contributed to the complementation of TCA components from suppression of photosynthates partitioning from leaves, and partly contribute to organic acid secretion. Induction of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase is a significant and unique response to Al stress, suggesting that SAM is related to ethylene-mediated inhibition of root growth and/ or the alteration of cell wall structures and polymers in roots.Abbreviations: ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ADK, adenosine kinase; 2D-PAGE, 2 dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; DTT, dithiothreitol; PEPC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Pi, inorganic phosphate; PMF, peptide mass fingerprinting; SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.

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Phosphate-Regulated Induction of Intracellular Ribonucleases in Cultured Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cells

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

RNS2: a senescence-associated RNase of Arabidopsis that diverged from the S-RNases before speciation.

RNS2: a senescence-associated RNase of Arabidopsis that diverged from the S-RNases before speciation.

Phosphate Transport and Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Metabolic alterations proposed by proteome in rice roots grown under low P and high Al concentration under low pH

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