Phonon-Induced Population Dynamics and Intersystem Crossing in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers

Goldman, Michael; Sipahigil, Alp; Doherty, Marcus W.; Yao, Norman Y.; Bennett, Steven; Markham, Matthew; Twitchen, Daniel J.; Manson, Neil B.; Kubanek, Alexander; Lukin, Mikhail D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.145502

Cited by 165 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While the previous theoretical investigation of the ISC mechanism established that it involves both spin-orbit and electron-phonon interactions, it did not provide a detailed microscopic model of the mechanism. Recently, the ISC rates from each of the fine-structure states of the center's optical excited level have been measured at cryogenic temperatures [16]. These new measurements complete a comprehensive experimental picture of the ISC from the optical excited level, thereby motivating new theoretical efforts to develop a detailed model of the ISC mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

State-selective intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers

et al. 2015

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The intersystem crossing (ISC) is an important process in many solid-state atomlike impurities. For example, it allows the electronic spin state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond to be initialized and read out using optical fields at ambient temperatures. This capability has enabled a wide array of applications in metrology and quantum information science. Here, we develop a microscopic model of the state-selective ISC from the optical excited state manifold of the NV center. By correlating the electron-phonon interactions that mediate the ISC with those that induce population dynamics within the NV center's excited state manifold and those that produce the phonon sidebands of its optical transitions, we quantitatively demonstrate that our model is consistent with recent ISC measurements. Furthermore, our model constrains the unknown energy spacings between the center's spin-singlet and spin-triplet levels. Finally, we discuss prospects to engineer the ISC in order to improve the spin initialization and readout fidelities of NV centers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

State-selective intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers

et al. 2015

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“…At high excitation power, the GeV optical transition undergoes spectral diffusion of roughly 300 MHz about the original resonance frequency. In order to mitigate spectral diffusion at high excitation intensities, we use an active feedback sequence [29,30] that stabilizes the GeV resonance frequency while maintaining a high duty cycle on resonance [18]. This procedure enables high contrast oscillations at a Rabi frequency of 310 ± 2 MHz with a decay time of 6.59 ± 0.02 ns at 5 K, close to the excited state lifetime of 6.1 ± 0.2 ns.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since the branching ratios of the GeV optical transitions are not yet known, it is difficult to develop a comprehensive model of the population dynamics. Using a simple three-level model, we estimate the phonon relaxation rate using γ p = 2γ Rabi − 3 2 γ 0 [30], where γ Rabi is the decay rate of Rabi oscillations, and γ 0 (γ p ) is the excited state (phonon) relaxation rate. Using the measured value of γ Rabi /(2π) = 24 ± 0.1 MHz from Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantum Nonlinear Optics with a Germanium-Vacancy Color Center in a Nanoscale Diamond Waveguide

et al. 2017

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We demonstrate a quantum nanophotonics platform based on germanium-vacancy (GeV) color centers in fiber-coupled diamond nanophotonic waveguides. We show that GeV optical transitions have a high quantum efficiency and are nearly lifetime-broadened in such nanophotonic structures. These properties yield an efficient interface between waveguide photons and a single GeV without the use of a cavity or slow-light waveguide. As a result, a single GeV center reduces waveguide transmission by 18 ± 1% on resonance in a single pass. We use a nanophotonic interferometer to perform homodyne detection of GeV resonance fluorescence. By probing the photon statistics of the output field, we demonstrate that the GeV-waveguide system is nonlinear at the single-photon level.Efficient coupling between single photons and coherent quantum emitters is a central element of quantum nonlinear optical systems and quantum networks [1][2][3]. Several atom-like defects in the solid-state are currently being explored as promising candidates for the realization of such systems [4], including the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, renowned for its long spin coherence at room temperature [5]; and the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond, which has recently been shown to have strong, coherent optical transitions in nanostructures [6][7][8][9]. The remarkable optical properties of the SiV center arise from its inversion symmetry [10], which results in a vanishing permanent electric dipole moment for SiV orbital states, dramatically reducing their response to charge fluctuations in the local environment.

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“…Such applications include quantum computation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and quantum metrology [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] based on Nitrogen-Vacancy (N-V) center in diamonds. High performance multi-channel Arbitrary-Waveform Generators (AWGs) and pulse generators are usually required to realize precise quantum control, 18,19 and Time-to-Digital Convertors (TDCs) are used to detect the quantum states of the N-V center. 20,21 The existing solution is to use independent components to implement the multi-function device.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated device with high performance multi-function generators and time-to-digital convertors

Qin

Shi

Xie

et al. 2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A highly integrated, high performance, and re-configurable device, which is designed for the Nitrogen-Vacancy (N-V) center based quantum applications, is reported. The digital compartment of the device is fully implemented in a Field-Programmable-Gate-Array (FPGA). The digital compartment is designed to manage the multi-function digital waveform generation and the time-to-digital convertors. The device provides two arbitrary-waveform-generator channels which operate at a 1 Gsps sampling rate with a maximum bandwidth of 500 MHz. There are twelve pulse channels integrated in the device with a 50 ps time resolution in both duration and delay. The pulse channels operate with the 3.3 V transistor-transistor logic. The FPGA-based time-to-digital convertor provides a 23-ps time measurement precision. A data accumulation module, which can record the input count rate and the distributions of the time measurement, is also available. A digital-to-analog convertor board is implemented as the analog compartment, which converts the digital waveforms to analog signals with 500 MHz lowpass filters. All the input and output channels of the device are equipped with 50 Ω SubMiniature version A termination. The hardware design is modularized thus it can be easily upgraded with compatible components. The device is suitable to be applied in the quantum technologies based on the N-V centers, as well as in other quantum solid state systems, such as quantum dots, phosphorus doped in silicon, and defect spins in silicon carbide.

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Phonon-Induced Population Dynamics and Intersystem Crossing in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers

Cited by 165 publications

References 42 publications

State-selective intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers

State-selective intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers

Quantum Nonlinear Optics with a Germanium-Vacancy Color Center in a Nanoscale Diamond Waveguide

An integrated device with high performance multi-function generators and time-to-digital convertors

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