Phonological Make-up of English Loanwords

Hussain, Qandeel; Mahmood, Rashid; Mahmood, Muhammad Asim

doi:10.4304/jltr.3.5.838-843

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the Pakistani context, studies like Morphophonemics of loanwords in translation (Al-Qinal, 2002), vowel substitution: a comparative study of English loans in Punjabi and Urdu , phonological adaptation of English loanwords in Pahari (A. Q. Khan & Bukhari, 2011), phonological adaptations of English words borrowed into Punjabi , phonological make-up of English loanwords incorporated into Punjabi via Urdu (Hussain, Mahmood, & Mahmood, 2012), Urdu loanwords in Pakistani English (Bilal, Warraich, Fatima, Tiwana, & Bhatti, 2012), linguistic study of borrowings from English to Urdu (Sipra, 2013), morphology of loanwords in Urdu (Mangrio, 2016), phonological treatment of vowels in English loanwords by Saraiki speakers (Atta, Syed, & Bughio, 2017), phonological analysis of English loanwords in Dhani (Hasan & Khan, 2019) and the study of English loanword phonology in Urdu (N. W. Khan et al, 2020) are some of the recent studies on Pakistani languages. Previously English loanwords into different languages have been explored by many researchers but there are few researches on loanwords into English language.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonemic Variation of Urdu Loanwords in Standard British English

Hasan¹,

Gulfam²

2021

IJICC

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Borrowing is one of the most common sources of new words in languages and loanwords are one of the types of borrowings across language boundaries. The English language has adopted many words from other languages throughout history. In this process, loanwords sometimes undergo certain variations. The present study is about phonemic variation of Urdu loanwords in standard British English. A list of 135 Urdu words of daily use that English has borrowed was compiled purposively from Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, 10th ed. (2020) for analysis. All words in the list were transcribed into IPA. Urdu pronunciation was checked from ("Urdu Lughat," 2017) and Farhang-e-Talaffuz (2017) whereas English pronunciation was checked from Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary 10th ed. (2020) and a comparison was made to highlight phonemic variation. Analysis of data indicates that almost one third loanwords retain their pronunciation and among the rest, the majority of words undergo change of vowel sounds whereas others either change a consonant sound or vowel and consonant both in some cases.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonemic Variation of Urdu Loanwords in Standard British English

Hasan¹,

Gulfam²

2021

IJICC

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“…Gill and Gleason (1969), Bhatia (1993) and Karamat (2010) (Miao, 2005), issues in loanword adaptation (Kenstowicz & Suchato, 2006), influence of orthography on loanword adaptations (Vendelin & Peperkamp, 2006), English loanwords in the spoken Arabic of the southern part of Iraq (Abdullah & Daffar, 2006), English loanwords in Burmese (Chang, 2009), phonotactic adaptation of English loanwords in Arabic (Al-Athwary, 2017) and morphological adaptation of English loanwords in twitter (Dashti & Dashti, 2017) etc. A few studies on Pakistani languages include western loanwords in modern Pashto (Penzl, 1961), vowel substitution: a comparative study of English loans in Punjabi and Urdu , phonological adaptation of English loanwords in Pahari (Khan & Bukhari, 2011), phonological adaptations of English words borrowed into Punjabi (Mahmood et al, 2011), phonological make-up of English loanwords incorporated into Punjabi via Urdu (Hussain, Mahmood, & Mahmood, 2012), Urdu loanwords in Pakistani English (Bilal, Warraich, Fatima, Tiwana, & Bhatti, 2012), linguistic study of borrowings from English to Urdu (Sipra, 2013), morphology of loanwords in Urdu (Mangrio, 2016) and phonological treatment of vowels in English loanwords by Saraiki speakers (Atta, Syed, & Bughio, 2017). These studies are significant because they urged researcher to explore the same phenomenon in Dhani.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonological Analysis of English Loanwords in Dhani

Hasan¹,

Khan²

2019

IJEL

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Present study aims to explore English loanwords into Dhani dialect of Punjabi language. It focuses on which English words have been borrowed and what kind of phonological adaptations they undergo. It is a qualitative and descriptive study. Data were collected through recordings from thirty participants engaged in general conversation in real life situations in Chakwal district of Rawalpindi Division, Punjab province, Pakistan. Participants were selected through simple random sampling technique. Results retrieved from analysis of the collected data show that English loanwords undergo different phonological strategies i-e substitution, addition, epenthesis and deletion. Substitution is the most prominent whereas deletion is the least prominent of all strategies. Analysis also highlights educational implication of the study.

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“…To give strength to the idea, we may say that Urdu/English speakers (Malik, 2017) pronounce certain English Ns in Urdu either pure or mix sentences because it was observed that almost all the speakers in Pakistan tend to replace closing diphthong of the borrowed Ns along with pure bock vowel without taking into consideration either they are going to use it in pure sentence coming from Urdu or English, due to which the specific features which mark the distributive nature of English was lost when the Urdu/ English speakers replace a diphthong with a monodiphthong. So, Hussain, Mahmood, and Mahmood (2012) argue that if "team" is said to be used as an entity of English item by an English/Urdu speaker, its pronunciation will be without English diphthong but when "team" word inflect with the Urdu plural morphology (inflectional morphology) in (-on,-ian), it would be immediately identified as the case of borrowing in Urdu.…”

Section: Tamaam Schoolon Mein Farq Hota Haimentioning

confidence: 99%

Grammatical Constraints on the Borrowing of Nouns and Verbs in Urdu and English

et al. 2019

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The present study aims at establishing grammatical constraints on the borrowing of nouns (Ns) and verbs (Vs) in Urdu and English by adopting Noam Chomsky's Methodological Naturalism within the field of generative grammar as the theoretical framework of the study. For this purpose, the corpus of Pure Urdu and Pure English sentences from textbooks and the Oxford Dictionary of English was used in this study. The data were analyzed in the light of Minimalist Program, and the findings of the study reveal that there are certain grammatical constraints on the borrowing of Vs in Urdu from Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit, and Hindi as compared with English. It is observed that whenever Urdu borrows Vs from other languages such as Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit, it adds its little v with the fossil form of borrowed verbs in order to retain the grammaticality of the sentence while in English Vs borrowed from Latin, old English is said to be used in their fossil form and can be used with the inflection of the English and has no effect on the grammaticality of the sentence. The reason observed is the drop v phenomenon. Urdu does not drop its little v due to which whenever it borrows Vs it adds its little v along with root form of borrowed Vs otherwise the resulting structure is considered as ungrammatical. If we talk about the borrowed Ns, there are no grammatical constraints on their borrowing because they can inflect with inflectional morphology of Urdu and English language.

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Phonological Make-up of English Loanwords

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Phonemic Variation of Urdu Loanwords in Standard British English

Phonemic Variation of Urdu Loanwords in Standard British English

Phonological Analysis of English Loanwords in Dhani

Grammatical Constraints on the Borrowing of Nouns and Verbs in Urdu and English

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