Phonological and visual distinctiveness effects in syllogistic reasoning: Implications for mental models theory

Ball, Linden J.; Quayle, Jeremy D.

doi:10.3758/mc.37.6.759

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Distinctiveness may simply equate with uniqueness, or there may be multiple aspects to this construct. The concept of odour distinctiveness does, however, seem highly compatible with memory research that has revealed the importance of distinctiveness in other sensory and perceptual modalities such as vision (e.g., Ball & Quayle, 2009; Howe, 2008; Hunt & Worthen, 2006; Schmidt, 1991). Finally, we acknowledge that the sample of odours that was studied in our three experiments was relatively small (though larger than what has been used in previous research), and that there are likely to be many dimensions on which odours reflect similarities and differences to one another beyond the properties examined here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Odour‐based context reinstatement effects with indirect measures of memory: The curious case of rosemary

Ball

Shoker

Miles

2010

British J of Psychology

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Previous studies examining environmental context-dependent memory (ECDM) effects using indirect measures of memory have produced inconsistent findings. We report three experiments that examined ECDM in an indirect memory paradigm (word-fragment completion) using ambient odours as environmental contexts. Expt 1 manipulated the odour present at learning and testing (rosemary or lemon) to produce reinstated-context or switched-context conditions. Reinstating rosemary led to a striking ECDM effect, indicating that indirect memory testing can be sensitive to ECDM manipulations. Odour ratings also indicated that rosemary induced a more unpleasant mood in participants than lemon. Expt 2 assessed the influence on indirect retrieval of odour-based mood induction as well as odour distinctiveness, and indicated that rosemary's capacity to promote ECDM effects appears to arise from an additive combination of its unpleasantness-inducing properties and its distinctiveness. Expt 3 partially supported these proposals. Overall, our findings indicate that some odours are capable of producing ECDM effects using indirect testing procedures. Moreover, it appears that it is the inherent proprieties of odours on dimensions such as unpleasantness and distinctiveness that mediate the emergence of ECDM effects, thereby explaining the particular potency of rosemary's mnemonic influence when it is reinstated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Odour‐based context reinstatement effects with indirect measures of memory: The curious case of rosemary

Ball

Shoker

Miles

2010

British J of Psychology

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“…Use of such pseudo-problems as a control condition could be helpful in determining whether De Neys and colleagues' effects are driven by formal or content-related surface features that accidentally covary with the normative implications or whether the normative implications themselves are causally responsible. 6 One criticism of this control condition might be based on Ball and Quayle (2009), who contrasted syllogisms in which all terms were phonologically nondistinctive (e.g., Some bubs are bebs. No bebs are babs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does logic feel good? Testing for intuitive detection of logicality in syllogistic reasoning.

Klauer

Singmann

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Recent research on syllogistic reasoning suggests that the logical status (valid vs. invalid) of even difficult syllogisms can be intuitively detected via small changes in affective state (Morsanyi & Handley, 2012). In a series of 6 experiments, we replicated effects of logical status on liking ratings of difficult syllogisms (although their shape differs from that reported by Morsanyi and Handley), and we tested 2 alternative accounts of our and Morsanyi and Handley's findings in terms of surface features accidentally confounded with logical status: the partial-repetition hypothesis and the content-effects hypothesis. The results support the content-effects hypothesis, according to which the effects of logical status reflect differences in mean liking for the presented conclusions rather than effects of logical status itself.

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“…For example, working memory capacity is higher for perceptually distinct than for perceptually similar items (e.g. Logie, Della Sala, Wynn & Baddeley, ), and syllogistic reasoning performance is also better for terms that are perceptually dissimilar (Ball & Quayle, ). Regarding abstract and concrete words, it is a classic finding in the memory literature that it is easier to recall, recognize and make lexical decisions about concrete than abstract words (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between logic, mathematics and imagination: evidence from children with developmental dyscalculia and mathematically gifted children

Morsanyi

Devine

Nobes

et al. 2013

Developmental Science

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This study examined performance on transitive inference problems in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), typically developing controls matched on IQ, working memory and reading skills, and in children with outstanding mathematical abilities. Whereas mainstream approaches currently consider DD as a domain-specific deficit, we hypothesized that the development of mathematical skills is closely related to the development of logical abilities, a domain-general skill. In particular, we expected a close link between mathematical skills and the ability to reason independently of one's beliefs. Our results showed that this was indeed the case, with children with DD performing more poorly than controls, and high maths ability children showing outstanding skills in logical reasoning about belief-laden problems. Nevertheless, all groups performed poorly on structurally equivalent problems with belief-neutral content. This is in line with suggestions that abstract reasoning skills (i.e. the ability to reason about content without real-life referents) develops later than the ability to reason about belief-inconsistent fantasy content.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90DWY3O4xx8.

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Phonological and visual distinctiveness effects in syllogistic reasoning: Implications for mental models theory

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Odour‐based context reinstatement effects with indirect measures of memory: The curious case of rosemary

Odour‐based context reinstatement effects with indirect measures of memory: The curious case of rosemary

Does logic feel good? Testing for intuitive detection of logicality in syllogistic reasoning.

The link between logic, mathematics and imagination: evidence from children with developmental dyscalculia and mathematically gifted children

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