“…In this literature, a state is typically defined as either an ''inner context'' or a ''mental state'' (e.g., Groome, 2006). To further compare, experiences labeled as ''contexts'' have included the physical location (i.e., room) or a video background (e.g., Greenspoon & Ranyard, 1957;Smith & Manzano, 2010), as well as sensory experiences such as odor, taste, and sound (e.g., Mead & Ball, 2007;Johnson, & Miles, 2008;Ball, Shoker, & Miles, 2010). ''States'' have included mood (e.g., Ucros, 1989), physiological arousal (e.g., exercise; Miles & Hardman, 1998), chemically altered states (e.g., caffeine and alcohol; Goodwin et al, 1969;Kelemen & Creeley, 2003), and physical pain (e.g., Pearce, Isherwood, Hrouda, Richardson, Erskin, & Skinner, 1990).…”