Phonatory characteristics of excised pig, sheep, and cow larynges

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the phonatory characteristics of pig, sheep, and cow excised larynges and to find out which of these animal species is the best model for human phonation. Excised pig, sheep, and cow larynges were prepared and mounted over a tapered tube on the excised bench that supplied pressurized, heated, and humidified air in a manner similar to that for excised canine models. Each excised larynx was subjected to a series of pressure-flow experiments with adduction as major control parameter. The subglottal pressure, electroglottograph (EGG), mean flow rate, audio signal, and sound pressure level were recorded during each experiment. EGG signal was used to extract the fundamental frequency. It was found that pressure-frequency relations were nonlinear for these species with large rate of frequency changes for the pig. The average oscillation frequencies for these species were 220+/-57 Hz for the pig, 102+/-33 Hz for the sheep, and 73+/-10 Hz for the cow. The average phonation threshold pressure for the pig was 7.4+/-2.0 cm H(2)O, 6.9+/-2.9 cm H(2)O for the sheep, and 4.4+/-2.3 cm H(2)O for the cow.

The stratigraphical organisation of the microvascular systems of the porcine vocal folds

“…This does not compare with the porcine glottis: Here, the CraF (topographically similar to the human vestibular fold, but presumably the main oscillator in porcine phonation [1]), displayed a vascular network wider than that of the CauF (topographically identical to the human vocal fold).…”

Investigation of Experimental Wound Closure Techniques in Voice Microsurgery

“…However this remains a subject for debate as there is a further ventricle above the superior fold. It is suggested that vibration occurs at both folds as well as in the supraglottic structures during phonation (Kurita, Nagata et al 1983;Alipour and Jaiswal 2008).…”

“…By measuring amplitude, oscillation frequency, and phase difference of vocal fold vibration, it was concluded that canine and porcine larynges are the most appropriate models for vibratory or kinetic studies on phonation (Regner, Robitaille et al 2010). Alipour also studied vibratory characteristics of excised pig, cow and sheep larynges, and concluded that the porcine larynx had the highest range of phonation frequencies, making it a good candidate for animal studies (Alipour and Jaiswal 2008).…”

“…Various animal models have been used extensively in vocal fold studies with their results compared across models (Garrett, Coleman et al 2000;Jiang, Raviv et al 2001;Titze and Alipour 2006;Alipour and Jaiswal 2007;Alipour and Jaiswal 2008;Bless and Welham 2010;Alipour, Jaiswal et al 2011). Three of the more commonly used models in operative studies are rabbits (Thibeault, Gray et al 2002;Thibeault, Bless et al 2003;Branski, Rosen et al 2005;Carneiro and Scapini 2009;Campagnolo, Tsuji et al 2010), dogs (Garrett, Coleman et al 2000;Fleming, McGuff et al 2001;Rousseau, Hirano et al 2003;Karajanagi, Lopez-Guerra et al 2011) and pigs (Blakeslee, Banks et al 1995;Garrett, Coleman et al 2000;Jiang, Raviv et al 2001;Alipour and Jaiswal 2008;Fonseca, Malafaia et al 2010).…”

“…Three of the more commonly used models in operative studies are rabbits (Thibeault, Gray et al 2002;Thibeault, Bless et al 2003;Branski, Rosen et al 2005;Carneiro and Scapini 2009;Campagnolo, Tsuji et al 2010), dogs (Garrett, Coleman et al 2000;Fleming, McGuff et al 2001;Rousseau, Hirano et al 2003;Karajanagi, Lopez-Guerra et al 2011) and pigs (Blakeslee, Banks et al 1995;Garrett, Coleman et al 2000;Jiang, Raviv et al 2001;Alipour and Jaiswal 2008;Fonseca, Malafaia et al 2010). …”