Phoenix dactilyfera L. Pits Extract Restored Bone Homeostasis in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporotic Animal Model through the Antioxidant Effect and Wnt5a Non-Canonical Signaling

Abstract

Oxidative stress associated with long-term glucocorticoids administration is a route through which secondary osteoporosis can be developed. The therapeutic potential of Phoenix dactilyfera L. pits is offered by their balanced, valuable and diverse phytochemical composition providing protective potential against oxidative reactions, making it a good candidate to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). This study evaluates the possible anti-osteoporotic effect of date pit extract (DPE) against dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced osteoporosis. Male rats were allocated into three control groups, which received saline, low and high doses of DPE (150 and 300 mg/kg/day), respectively. Osteoporosis-induced groups that received DEXA (1 mg/kg/day) were divided into DEXA only, DPE (2 doses) + DEXA, and ipriflavone + DEXA. Femoral bone minerals density and bone mineral content, bone oxidative stress markers, Wnt signaling, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation markers, and femur histopathology were evaluated. DPE defeated the oxidative stress, resulting in ameliorative changes in Wnt signaling. DPE significantly reduced the adipogenicity and abolished the osteoclastogenic markers (RANKL/OPG ratio, ACP, TRAP) while enhancing the osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2, Osx, COL1A1, OCN). In Conclusion DPE restored the balanced proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts precursors. DPE can be considered a promising remedy for GIO, especially at a low dose that had more potency.

Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid and extract alleviate glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and regulating osteoblastic/osteoclastic-related markers

“…Surprisingly, PTH was significantly increased in the GIOP group compared to the control group, while calcitonin level has reduced in the GIOP group than in the control group. Hyperparathyroidism in GIOP is attributed to calcium deficiency 35 . Intriguingly, treatment with AcE and AcCF optimizes PTH and calcitonin levels, which may be a consequence of increased mineral incorporation and osteoblast synthesis 41 .…”

“…Several lines of evidence correlate GIOP with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant depletion 35 . A significant increase in MDA and NO, whereas a decrease in antioxidants such as GSH and SOD in GIOP was observed compared to the control group.…”

“…It is a simple, fast, low-radiation, and cost-effective alternative to microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) used for quantitative analysis of changes in the bone in living subjects, which enables researchers to obtain BMD values at different time points in longitudinal studies than micro-CT [32][33][34] .It is known that calcium and phosphorus, the main components of hydroxyapatite crystals, affect BMD directly and indirectly 27 . GIOP increases renal calcium loss and decreases gastrointestinal absorption of calcium 35 . The present study revealed a significant decrease in BMD, BMC, calcium, and phosphorus in the GIOP group compared to the control group, leading to hypomineralization of the bone matrix.…”

The Synergetic Effect of Egyptian Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) and Cichorium intybus L. (Chicory) Extracts against Glucocorticoid-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats through Attenuation of Oxidative Reactions and Autophagy

“…Furthermore, essential trace minerals in PEE and CWE empower their antioxidant potential. K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se participate in proper protein folding and stability and activate the common antioxidant enzymes, including Cu/Zn/Mn-Fe SOD and Se-GPx, as well as catalases and peroxidases that require Fe and Mg [ 125 , 126 , 127 ]. Interestingly, α-mannosidase, which is essential in spermatozoa maturation, is a Zn-dependent enzyme and the active Zn–protein complex is readily dissociable at the pH of optimum enzyme activity (pH 5) [ 128 ].…”

Histopathological examination of Allolobophora calignosa efficacy against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in mice

“…Adult male BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were used in all experiments. Animals with an average body weight of 33-35 g were purchased from the National Research Center (NRC, Cairo, Egypt), housed in polypropylene cages (6 animals/cage) at a temperature of (22)(23)(24)(25) ᵒC under 12:12 h day/night cycles, and supplied with a standard laboratory diet and water ad libitum. All experimental techniques were conducted by international animal care standards and used in laboratories.…”