Allolobophora calignosa (Ac) is a folk medicine for millennia, as it possesses many biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the chemo-preventive activity of A.calignosa coelomic fluid (AcCF) and A.calignosa extract (AcE) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in mice. Characterization and in vitro biological activity of AcE and AcCF has been assessed. Male CD-1 mice were subcutaneously received dexamethasone (DEX) (1 mg/kg, 5 times/week) and concurrently intraperitoneally treated with either AcCF (20 mg/kg) or AcE (45 mg/kg) every other day for 28 days. Serum and bone homogenates were subjected for qPCR and biochemical analysis. AcE and AcCF treatment significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and calcitonin levels, whereas activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum acidic phosphatase (ACP), bone acidic phosphatase (BACP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were significantly reduced compare with untreated GIOP mice. Treatment with AcE and AcCF modulates oxidative stress and downregulated Rank and Mmp9 expression, as well as increased glycosaminoglycan content in the organic bone matrix, resulting in osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Overall, AcCF and AcE show a chemo-preventive activity against GIOP by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating expression and/or activity of osteoblast/osteoclast-related markers.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture: it can lead to compromised bone strength and increased risk of fractures. Secondary osteoporosis is mostly glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). According to traditional Chinese medicine, the kidney influences bone, and bone loss are associated with kidney and liver inadequacies. We tested Allolobophora caliginosa extract (EE) and Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid (CF) for anti-osteoporotic activity against GIOP. 28 male mice were separated randomly into two groups; the control received distilled water, and the second group received 1 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 28 days. The second group was divided randomly into three groups. The first OP subgroup received distilled water orally every other day for 28 days. The other two OP subgroups received EE (45 mg/kg body weight) and CF (20 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. EE and CF preserved cortical and trabecular bone loss, decreased bone marrow space, and enhanced chondrocyte production. EE and CF maintained hepatic necrosis in the liver and decreased renal degeneration in the kidney caused by GIOP. In this study, Histological images showed that EE at 45 mg/kg was highly effective as an anti-osteoporotic against GIOP, while CF at 20 mg/kg was moderately effective.
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