Phlebotomus (Adlerius) Simici Nitzulescu, 1931: First Record in Austria and Phylogenetic Relationship With Other Adlerius Species

Kniha, Edwin; Dvořák, Vít; Milchram, Markus; Obwaller, Adelheid G.; Köhsler, Martina; Pöppl, Wolfgang; Αντωνίου, Μαρία; Chaskopoulou, Alexandra; Paronyan, Lusine; Stefanovski, Jovana; Mooseder, Gerhard; Volf, Petr; Walochnik, Julia

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-43575/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…We further evaluated the usage of fluorescence microscopy to detect the autofluorescent spermathecae of Ph. mascittii , which we had already used for the identification of Phlebotomus simici [ 9 ]. By using different wavelengths of light the typical microstructures of the spermatheca of Ph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification was based on published morphological keys and descriptions of male genitalia, female spermatheca and pharyngeal armature [ 11 , 43 ]. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy was performed with a NIKON Eclipse E800 to identify hardly visible female spermatheca, as proposed in [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was isolated from the remaining bodies with a QIAamp ® DNA Mini Kit 250 (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). PCR amplifications of the COI and cytb gene regions were performed with the primer pairs LCO-1490/CoxUniEr and CytbEf1/CytbEr2, respectively, as published in [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climate map of Austria shows mean annual temperatures (1971–2000). Locations sampled within this study are marked with digits ( Table S1 ), prior published records are marked with letters, ( a ) Naucke et al 2011 [ 5 ], ( b ) Poeppl et al 2013 [ 6 ], (c) Kniha et al 2020 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…mascittii specimen was also collected in Slovakia close to the Austrian border [ 8 ]. Very recently, Phlebotomus simici Nitzulescu, 1931, was recorded for the first time in Austria [ 9 ]. Apart from these findings, knowledge on sand fly distribution, species diversity and ecological factors determining their occurrence in Central Europe is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative Approach to Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908: First Record in Vienna with New Morphological and Molecular Insights

et al. 2020

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Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are blood-feeding insects that transmit the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. and various arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses. While in Mediterranean parts of Europe the sand fly fauna is diverse, in Central European countries including Austria mainly Phlebotomus mascittii is found, an assumed but unproven vector of Leishmania infantum. To update the currently understudied sand fly distribution in Austria, a sand fly survey was performed and other entomological catches were screened for sand flies. Seven new trapping locations of Ph. mascittii are reported including the first record in Vienna, representing also one of the first findings of this species in a city. Morphological identification, supported by fluorescence microscopy, was confirmed by two molecular approaches, including sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) protein profiling. Sand fly occurrence and activity were evaluated based on surveyed locations, habitat requirements and climatic parameters. Moreover, a first comparison of European Ph. mascittii populations was made by two marker genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), and cytochrome b (cytb), as well as MALDI-TOF mass spectra. Our study provides new important records of Ph. mascittii in Austria and valuable data for prospective entomological surveys. MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling was shown to be a reliable tool for differentiation between sand fly species. Rising temperatures and globalization demand for regular entomological surveys to monitor changes in species distribution and composition. This is also important with respect to the possible vector competence of Ph. mascittii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative Approach to Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908: First Record in Vienna with New Morphological and Molecular Insights

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Phlebotomine Sand Fly Survey in the Republic of Moldova: Species Composition, Distribution and Host Preferences

Șuleșco

Kasap

Halada

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodiae) in the Republic of Moldova have been understudied for decades. Our study provides a first update on their occurrence, species composition and bloodmeal sources after fifty years.Methods: During 5 seasons (2013-2017), 58 localities from 20 regions were surveyed for presence of sand flies using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Species identification was done by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling). In engorged females, host blood was identified by three molecular techniques (RFLP, cytb sequencing and MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping). Population structure of most abundant species was studied by cox1 haplotyping, phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 and cox1 genetic markers were used to resolve relationships of other detected species.Results: In total, 780 sand flies were collected at 30 (51.7%) localities from 12 regions of Moldova. Three species were identified by an integrative morphological and molecular approach: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi and Adlerius sp., the first being the most abundant and widespread, markedly anthropophilic based of bloodmeal analyses and occurring also indoor, showing low structuring of population with only 5 haplotypes of cox1 detected. Distinct morphological and molecular characters of Adlerius sp. specimens suggest presence of yet undescribed species.Conclusions: Our study revealed a presence of stable sand fly population of three species in Moldova that pose a nuisance by biting as well as potential thread of pathogen transmission and shall be further studied.

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Ecology, Seasonality and Host Preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) Mascittii Grassi, 1908, Populations

Kniha

Milchram

Dvořák

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Sand flies are principal vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp., widely distributed in all warmer regions of the world, including the Mediterranean parts of Europe. In Central European countries, the sand fly fauna is still understudied. Phlebotomus mascittii, a suspected but unproven vector of Leishmania infantum, is regarded as the most widely distributed species in Europe. However, many aspects of its biology and ecology remain poorly known. The aim of this study was to provide new data on Ph. mascittii biology and ecology in Austria to better understand its current distribution and potential dispersal.Methods: Sand fly trappings were conducted at four different locations in Austria for eleven and fifteen weeks during the active period in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Climatic parameters including temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and wind speed were retrospectively obtained for the trapping periods and blood meals of engorged females were analysed by DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.Results: In total, 450 individuals of Ph. mascittii were caught. Activity was observed to start at the beginning of June and end at the end of August with peaks in mid-July at three locations and early August at one location. Increasing activity was associated with relatively high temperatures and humidity. Also, more individuals were caught in nights with low barometric pressure. Five identified blood meals revealed three times chicken (Gallus gallus) and twice equines (Equus spp.) as hosts. Sand fly abundance was generally associated with availability of hosts.Conclusion: This study reports an unexpectedly high abundance of Ph. mascittii at studied Austrian localities and provides the first detailed analysis of its ecology to date. Temperature and humidity were shown to be good predictors for sand fly activity. Blood meal analyses support the assumption that Ph. mascittii feeds on mammals as well as birds. The study significantly contributes to understanding the ecology of this sand fly species in Central Europe and facilitates prospective entomological surveys.

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Phlebotomus (Adlerius) Simici Nitzulescu, 1931: First Record in Austria and Phylogenetic Relationship With Other Adlerius Species

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Integrative Approach to Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908: First Record in Vienna with New Morphological and Molecular Insights

Integrative Approach to Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908: First Record in Vienna with New Morphological and Molecular Insights

Phlebotomine Sand Fly Survey in the Republic of Moldova: Species Composition, Distribution and Host Preferences

Ecology, Seasonality and Host Preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) Mascittii Grassi, 1908, Populations

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