Phlebotomine Sandflies of an Urban Focus of Visceral Leishmaniosis,pernambuco State

Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Almeida, Francisco de Assis; Brandão-Filho, Sinval Pinto

doi:10.5216/rpt.v35i2.1905

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…These remnants of Atlantic rainforest are potentially inhabited by phlebotomine sandflies of many species [ 43 ], including Lu. longipalpis [ 44 ]. It means that the introduction of a Leishmania -infected dog into a non-endemic area where the potential vectors are present could result in the establishment of a new focus of disease.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine leishmaniosis in South America

Dantas‐Torres

2009

Parasites Vectors

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133

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Canine leishmaniosis is widespread in South America, where a number of Leishmania species have been isolated or molecularly characterised from dogs. Most cases of canine leishmaniosis are caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi) and Leishmania braziliensis. The only wellestablished vector of Leishmania parasites to dogs in South America is Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of L. infantum, but many other phlebotomine sandfly species might be involved. For quite some time, canine leishmaniosis has been regarded as a rural disease, but nowadays it is wellestablished in large urbanised areas. Serological investigations reveal that the prevalence of antiLeishmania antibodies in dogs might reach more than 50%, being as high as 75% in highly endemic foci. Many aspects related to the epidemiology of canine leishmaniosis (e.g., factors increasing the risk disease development) in some South American countries other than Brazil are poorly understood and should be further studied. A better understanding of the epidemiology of canine leishmaniosis in South America would be helpful to design sustainable control and prevention strategies against Leishmania infection in both dogs and humans.

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Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine leishmaniosis in South America

Dantas‐Torres

2009

Parasites Vectors

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133

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“…The humans, animal reservoir, and vector share the same ecological niche, which contributes to the persistence of the disease. There is a consensus that the control of phlebotomine sandflies, the vector, is a daunting task as the identification of their breeding sites is challenging, which limits the effectiveness of control measures focused on immature forms of these vectors [ 26 ]. In Brazil, sandflies have spread in both rural and urban area, which contrasts with most other New World eco-epidemiological situations where sandflies are associated with forested areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized control of human visceral leishmaniasis in endemic urban areas of Brazil: a literature review

Menon

Rossi²,

Nshimyumukiza

et al. 2016

Trop Med Health

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ObjectivesHuman migration and concomitant HIV infections are likely to bring about major changes in the epidemiology of some parasitic infections in Brazil. Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) control is particularly fraught with intricacies. It is against a backdrop of decentralized health care that the complex HVL control initiatives are brought to bear. This comprehensive review aims to explore the obstacles facing decentralized HVL control in urban endemic areas in Brazil.MethodA literature search was carried out in December 2015 by means of three databases: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.ResultsAlthough there have been many strides that have been made in elucidating the eco-epidemiology of Leishmania infantum, which forms the underpinnings of the national control program, transmission risk factors for HVL are still insufficiently elucidated in urban settings. Decentralized HVL epidemiological surveillance and control for animal reservoirs and vectors may compromise sustainability. In addition, it may hamper timely human HVL case management. With the burgeoning of the HIV-HVL co-infection, the potential human transmission may be underestimated.ConclusionHVL is a disease with focal transmission at a critical juncture, which warrants that the bottlenecks facing the control program within contexts of decentralized healthcare systems be taken into account. In addition, HIV-driven HVL epidemics may substantially increase the transmission potential of the human reservoir. Calculating the basic reproductive number to fine-tune interventions will have to take into consideration the specific socio-economic development context.

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“…The chicken houses is acknowledged as a possible environmental risk factor for L. infantum infection [32][33][34] . For instance, in Brazil, it has been reported that the dwellings of persons affected by visceral leishmaniasis were about four times more likely to have chicken houses in their yards when compared to people living in the same area but not affected by the disease [35] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%