Use of chicken (Gallus gallus) serum as a costly replacement for the fetal calf serum in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania infantum

LB broth-lyophilized Rabbit serum (LLR) as a new and suitable culture medium for cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major

“…Herman has studied the effect of rabbit, chicken, man, calf, hamster and cotton rat sera on the number and morphosis of L. donovani as well as cells in cultures of hamster-peritoneal macrophages that had been infected In vivo (Herman 1966). A research about finding replacement for FCS in cultivation of promastigotes of L. major and Leishmania infantum indicated that chicken serum is suitable for nutritional requirement of parasites and is a comparatively simply available and inexpensive serum that can replace in the media that requires FCS enhancement for promastigote forms and indicate a potentiality of the new medium to be used in long-term In vitro cultivation of Leishmanian promastigotes (Nasiri et al 2011(Nasiri et al , 2013a. In previous researches, we founded that the serum and the urine of many animals like hamster, rabbit and sheep are suitable for cultivation of promastigotes, but, collecting of the serum of some of them, like Hamster, is expensive and using of some of them, like sheep serum, accompanied with many challenges about adaptation problems of promastigotes to new serum (unpublished work).…”

“…FCS is highly expensive, and reliable supply is very difficult to obtain, especially in developing countries (Newman 2003) and using it in cell culture is problematic for several reasons as complexity, highly variable, and difficult to characterizing (Armstrong and Patterson 1994). Several attempts have been made to replace FCS in leishmania culture media with different kinds of sera, bovine serum albumin, a mixture of purine bases, vitamins, large concentrations of certain amino acids, hormones, hemin, hemoglobulin, human and animal urine and, more recently chicken serum (Trager 1953;Herman 1966;Ghoshal et al 1986;Ali et al 1998;Merlen et al 1999;Shamsuzzaman et al 1999;Pal and Joshi-Purandare 2001;Schuster et al 2002;Nasiri et al 2013a, b;Nasiri 2013) that the later introduced an alternative low-cost serum that can be used in culture medium for primary isolation, routine cultivation and mass cultivation of Leishmania parasites (Nasiri et al 2011(Nasiri et al , 2013a.…”

Effects of Sheep and Mouse Urine on the Growth Pattern ofLeishmania majorPromastigotes

“…In our previous researches about finding suitable replacements for FCS we had found that the serum and the urine of many animals like hamster, rabbit, and sheep are suitable for cultivation of promastigotes, but, collecting the serum of some of them, like Hamster, is expensive and using of some of them, like sheep serum, is accompanied with many challenges about adaptation problems of promastigotes to new serum (unpublished work). Our recent study about finding replacement for FCS in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania infantum indicated that chicken serum is very suitable for nutritional requirement of parasites and is a comparatively simply available and inexpensive serum that can replace in the media that required FCS enhancement for promastigote forms and indicate a potentiality of the new medium to be used in long-term in vitro cultivation of Leishmania promastigotes [41]. But we are searching to find novel stimulating factors to promoted growth pattern of parasites that could be prepared chemically and we believe that urine could lead us to find these unknown materials.…”

“…Developing serum-free media has been the philosopher's stone of cell culturists since animal cells were first cultured in vitro more than half a century ago [7]. Several attempts have been made to replace FCS with different kinds of different sera, bovine serum albumin, a mixture of purine bases, vitamins, large concentrations of certain amino acids, hormones, hemin, hemoglobin, human and animal urine, and, more recently chicken serum [8–16] introduced as an alternative low-cost serum that can be used in culture medium for primary isolation, routine cultivation, and mass cultivation of Leishmania parasites [16]. The utilization of sodium urate, uric acid, and cysteic acid, known components of the urine of the insect vector, for in vitro growth and differentiation of Leishmania donovani [17] has motivated the use of human urine as a constituent of Leishmania spp.…”

Effects of Different Human Urine Samples in Stimulatulating Growth of Leishmaniaspp

“…Attempts to replace serum by bovine serum albumin or mixture of purine bases, vitamins, and bovine albumin fraction IV (Berens RL and Marr JJ, 1978) were also made for cultivating L. donovanipromatigote. 6 More recently, human urine was used as main factor in preparation of leishmania growth media 6 A completely chemically defined culture medium free of serum, macromolecules, proteins and peptides that supports the growth and maintenance of promastigote form of various Leishmania species was reported 8 . An autoclavable liquid medium that has no FCS or blood lysate was also reported.…”