Phleboliths, A Possible Cause for Lower Abdominal Pain

Dillon, James R.; Cody, B.A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)73239-9

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“…Rokitansky described phleboliths from an anatomic standpoint in 1856, as occurring most frequently in the periprostatic plexus in males and in the pampiniform plexus in females. Phleboliths did not become of clinical interest until the discovery of x‐rays in 1895 . By 1897 it was recognized that x‐rays could be used to detect ureteric calculi .…”

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Tail sign: Phlebolith

et al. 2018

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“…An early study at the Mayo Clinic, showed phleboliths in 39 per cent of examinations. The average age was 37 years, with the youngest being 16 …”

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confidence: 99%

Tail sign: Phlebolith

et al. 2018

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The origin of phleboliths

Shemilt

1972

British Journal of Surgery

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Phleboliths originate as thrombi in the pelvic veins and are the result of injury to the vein wall. Although in children the pelvic veins and venous plexuses may be protected by valves, these have disappeared in adult life. In 20 dissections in adult cadavers remnants of osteal valves were sometimes seen, but a functioning bicuspid valve was noted only once. These unprotected veins are subjected to large and abrupt rises in pressure during normal acts of coughing and straining. Because of this the veins are distended and damage to the intima with the formation of a protective thrombus can occur. A locally high concentration of phosphatase in the perivesical tissues would explain why these thrombi become calcified in the pelvis and why phleboliths are so rarely found elsewhere.

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Frequency and location of pelvic phleboliths

Mattsson

1980

Clinical Radiology

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Phleboliths, A Possible Cause for Lower Abdominal Pain

Cited by 3 publications

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Tail sign: Phlebolith

Tail sign: Phlebolith

The origin of phleboliths

Frequency and location of pelvic phleboliths

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