Philosophical Problems in Cost–benefit Analysis

Hansson, Sven Ove

doi:10.1017/s0266267107001356

Cited by 148 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…On such a proposal we can-without drawing moral and cognitive classifications-focus on three central questions. As Hansson (2007) 64 claims, the relevant philosophical issues that arise when one attempts to apply a CBA in risk decision making are: firstly, how do we frame the relevant alternatives? For example, what specific forms of enhancement, or problems, are relevant to the decision?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On Cognitive and Moral Enhancement: A Reply to Savulescu and Persson

Carter¹,

Gordon²

2013

Bioethics

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In a series of recent works, Julian Savulescu and Ingmar Persson insist that, given the ease by which irreversible destruction is achievable by a morally wicked minority, (i) strictly cognitive bio-enhancement is currently too risky, while (ii) moral bioenhancement is plausibly morally mandatory (and urgently so). This paper aims to show that the proposal Savulescu & Persson advance relies on several problematic assumptions about the separability of cognitive and moral enhancement as distinct aims. Specifically, we propose that the underpinnings of Savulescu's & Persson's normative argument unravel once it is suitably clear how aiming to cognitively enhance an individual will in part require that one aim to bring about certain moral goods we show to be essential to cognitive flourishing; conversely, aiming to bring about moral enhancement in an individual must involve aiming to improve certain cognitive capacities we show to be essential to moral flourishing. After developing these points in some detail, and their implication for Savulescu's & Persson's proposal, we conclude by outlining some positive suggestions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

On Cognitive and Moral Enhancement: A Reply to Savulescu and Persson

Carter¹,

Gordon²

2013

Bioethics

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“…According to a common view on cost-benefit analysis, such decisions should be coordinated through a single, centralized decision, so that we pay the same sum in all sectors for saving a life. (Hansson 2007. Viscusi 2000 Such a change would require large changes in the social structure.…”

Section: Subdivisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopes, Options, and Horizons – Key Issues in Decision Structuring

Hansson

2018

Ethic Theory Moral Prac

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Real-life decision-making often begins with a disorderly decision problem that has to be clarified and systematized before a decision can be made. This is the process of decision structuring that has largely been ignored both in decision theory and applied decision analysis. In this contribution, ten major components of decision structuring are identified, namely the determination of its scope (the issues to be covered by the decision), subdivision (if and in that case how the decision will divided into separate parts), agency (who will make the decision), timing, options, control ascriptions, framing, horizon (the consequences and other aspects of outcomes that will be taken into account), criteria (of success) and (provisions for) restructuring. Four of these components, namely the scope, subdivision, options, and horizon of a decision, are subjected to a more detailed analysis.

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“…An important improvement of the results can come from the inclusion of other variables such as indirect economic losses, to include also the social and political aspects in the decision-making process related to risk reduction programs (Hansson, 2007). In this regard, the use of risk indicators, based on a holistic approach is suggested (Carreño et al, 2012;Barbat et al, 2011;Barbat et al, 2010).…”

Section: Mora -17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Interventions to Reduce Seismic Vulnerability in School Facilities in Colombia

et al. 2015

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Colombian seismic code NSR-98 establishes the requirement for the seismic vulnerability analysis and, if necessary, the strengthening of public facilities (schools). Due to the investments required by risk reduction programs, it is necessary to establish criteria for assigning priorities for the interventions. This article proposes a methodology for obtaining a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) at the subnational level, by assessing the expected annual average loss of the built area of public schools and the retrofitting cost. The BCR is estimated as the difference between the estimates of the net present value for status quo and retrofitted states, these two divided by the retrofitting costs. According to the BCR, 47.3% of the total school built area of Colombia should be retrofitted where the retrofitting costs correspond to 25% of the total investment. Proposed BCR is useful for prioritizing regions in function of the feasibility of reducing the seismic vulnerability of the schools.

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Philosophical Problems in Cost–benefit Analysis

Cited by 148 publications

References 30 publications

On Cognitive and Moral Enhancement: A Reply to Savulescu and Persson

On Cognitive and Moral Enhancement: A Reply to Savulescu and Persson

Scopes, Options, and Horizons – Key Issues in Decision Structuring

Prioritizing Interventions to Reduce Seismic Vulnerability in School Facilities in Colombia

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