Phenylpropanolamine toxicosis in dogs: 170 cases (2004–2009)

Peterson, Katherine L.; Lee, Justine A.; Hovda, Lynn R.

doi:10.2460/javma.239.11.1463

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Hypertension is a widely recognized adverse effect of α‐agonist use in humans. It has been reported with PPA treatment in dogs at a much lower rate, but preexisting hypertension or comorbidities that predispose to hypertension such as kidney disease or hyperthyroidism are considered contraindications for its use . Reevaluation of blood pressure during treatment with PPA is recommended to monitor for hypertension, particularly because USMI patients are likely to be on lifelong treatment, often with dose escalation over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in 163 Neutered Female Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship of Weight and Age at Neuter to Development of Disease

Byron

Taylor

Phillips

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in neutered bitches and is most common in dogs weighing >20 kg.Objectives: To describe a population of neutered bitches with USMI and investigate their initial presentation, the relationship between weight and age at neuter, and treatment.Animals: One hundred and sixty-three female dogs with USMI (UI) diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2012, and 193 continent neutered control (C) bitches.Methods: Retrospective data were collected from neutered female dogs with USMI and healthy, continent neutered females presented between January 2009 and December 2012.Results: Urinary incontinent dogs weighed more than C dogs (P = .003), and there was no difference in age at neuter. The relationship between weight at diagnosis and age at neuter was found to impact the hazard of USMI. A decrease in the hazard of USMI was found in dogs weighing >25 kg for every month delay of neuter in the first year. The hazard did not change for dogs <15 kg. Median time from neuter to development of incontinence was 3.73 years. Phenylpropanolamine was prescribed in 75.5%, diethylstilbestrol in 21.5%, and both in 3.1% of dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Neutering bitches expected to be >25 kg adult weight later in their first year may decrease the hazard of developing USMI, whereas age at neutering of bitches <25 kg may not impact continence. Heavier dogs have increased risk of USMI, and onset occurs within a few years of neuter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in 163 Neutered Female Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship of Weight and Age at Neuter to Development of Disease

Byron

Taylor

Phillips

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…5 Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) a is approved for use in dogs for treatment of PUSMI, and is thought to exert its effects by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors along the urethra, bladder neck and urethral sphincter. 6 The use of PPA, however, has potential side effects which can be quite serious (e.g. emesis, hypertension, weight loss proteinuria).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of these potential side effects in humans and pets, PPA is no longer available without a prescription for animals; and due to the increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke is not available for human use in the United States. [6][7] It has also been withdrawn from the market in a number of other countries. 8 Estrogen supplementation represents the next most common treatment option; however, the side effects are significant and include induction of estrous, mammary gland enlargement and the formation of mammary tumors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Tofu Supplementation on Endogenous Estrogen Levels and Urinary Incontinence in Female Spayed Dogs: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study

Smith¹,

Ma²

2023

American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

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The objective of this randomized controlled study was to determine whether supplementing a spayed female dog’s diet with tofu can raise levels of endogenous estrogen (EE), which could be beneficial for estrogen-responsive incontinence. A total of 23 client-owned spayed female dogs diagnosed with urinary incontinence but no other known health conditions participated in the study. Enrolled subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups: Control Group (n=10) who received normal diet with a placebo supplement or Test Group (n=13) who received tofu supplementation. Supplements were given twice daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected on Day 0 and Day 14 to assess pre-treatment and post-treatment EE levels. Effects of tofu supplementation were assessed based on group comparison of EE level improvement. The EE level within the Control Group had a nonsignificant decrease from days 0 to 14 (56.9±22.8 → 54.6±25.3 pg/mL, p=0.54). Test Group EE level significantly increased after 14 days (37.1±17.2 → 58.5±28.9 pg/mL, p=0.013). For intergroup comparison, the change of EE levels in the Test Group was significantly greater than the Control Group (Control: -2.3±11.5 versus Test: 21.4±27.5 pg/mL, p=0.0002). The study also found that Test Group owner impression of urinary incontinence improvement (11/13) was significantly greater (p=0.0001) than that in the Control Group (0/10). The results of this study suggest the potential for developing a holistic, natural food therapy for urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs. Future prospective studies, with larger enrollment, that also consider factors such as treatment dose and duration are warranted.

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Management of Hypertension in Dogs

Spencer

2020

Hypertension in the Dog and Cat

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Phenylpropanolamine toxicosis in dogs: 170 cases (2004–2009)

Abstract: Results suggested that with supportive care, the prognosis for dogs that had ingested an overdose of phenylpropanolamine was excellent.

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in 163 Neutered Female Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship of Weight and Age at Neuter to Development of Disease

Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in 163 Neutered Female Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship of Weight and Age at Neuter to Development of Disease

Effect of Tofu Supplementation on Endogenous Estrogen Levels and Urinary Incontinence in Female Spayed Dogs: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study

Management of Hypertension in Dogs

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