Phenyllactic Acid from Lactobacillus plantarum PromotesAdipogenic Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte via Up-Regulationof PPAR-γ2

Abstract

Synthetic drugs are commonly used to cure various human ailments at present. However, the uses of synthetic drugs are strictly regulated because of their adverse effects. Thus, naturally occurring molecules may be more suitable for curing disease without unfavorable effects. Therefore, we investigated phenyllactic acid (PLA) from Lactobacillus plantarum with respect to its effects on adipogenic genes and their protein expression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by qPCR and western blot techniques. PLA enhanced differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM. Maximum differentiation and lipid accumulation were observed at a concentration of 100 μM of PLA, as compared with control adipocytes (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 15360 of PPAR-γ2, C/EBP-α, adiponectin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and SREBP-1 were increased by PLA treatment as compared with control adipocytes (p < 0.05). PLA stimulates PPAR-γ mRNA expression in a concentration dependent manner, but this expression was lesser than agonist (2.83 ± 0.014 fold) of PPAR-γ2. Moreover, PLA supplementation enhances glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes (11.81 ± 0.17 mM) compared to control adipocytes, but this glucose uptake was lesser than that induced by troglitazone (13.75 ± 0.95 mM) and insulin treatment (15.49 ± 0.20 mM). Hence, we conclude that PLA treatment enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake via activation of PPAR-γ2, and PLA may thus be the potential candidate for preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

In vitro importance of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum related to medical field

“…Especially, these strains were reported to posses the down regulation of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Ahren et al, 2014), produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intestinal epithelial cells (Murofushi et al, 2015), produce varied concentrations of exopolysaccharide with anticancer property (Wang et al, 2014), reduce kidney stones (Sasikumar et al, 2014), enhance splenocytes in dendritic cells (Ku et al, 2014) and reduce the cholesterol level in the adipose tissue (Li et al, 2014. Recently, Ilavenil et al (2015) claimed that the phenyl lactic acid recovered from L. plantarum promotes adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1. Interestingly, L. plantarum significantly induces mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses (Shi et al, 2014) and protects against symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (Stevenson et al, 2014).…”

Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus strains isolated from cheese and their antibacterial properties against gastrointestinal tract pathogens

“…In recent years an attempt has been made to analyze the health benefits of host organisms by improving the balance of gut microbial flora, reducing cholesterol, vitamin production providing immunomodulatory effects and regulating lactase activity and various metabolic processes. The bacteria from the genera, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are widely reported probiotic culture, however the genera such as, Saccharomyces , Enterococcus , Streptococcus and Lactococcus are commonly used as probiotics ( García-Ruiz et al, 2014 , Ilavenil et al, 2015a , Valan Arasu et al, 2013 ). The potential health benefits of probiotics on host health namely, production of anti-microbial metabolites and synthesis of B-group vitamins, anti-obesity effect ( Kim et al, 2018 ), anti-diabetic effect, cholesterol-lowering effect and oxidative stress down-regulation ( Yadav et al, 2018 ) have been reported previously.…”

Probiotic BSH Activity and Anti-Obesity Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain TCI378 Isolated from Korean Kimchi

“…Lab. plantarum has been reported to inhibit the differentiation and lipid accumulation in adipocytes by downregulating expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, aP2, leptin, GPDH, and CD36 (Ilavenil et al, 2015; Park et al, 2013b; Park et al, 2018). Administration of Lab.…”