“…A great number of studies have demonstrated that a small amount of carbon-based NPs, such as CNTs or graphene, in the polymer matrix can markedly change its mechanical, electrical and thermal properties [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ]. However, the key problem of the practical use of CNTs is their poor dispersibility in water, organic solvents and polymer matrix [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 95 , 96 ]. Generally, some pretreatments, such as functionalization with strong acid or surface modification with surfactants, polymers or proteins, are needed to improve the dispersion of CNTs [ 25 ].…”