Phenotypic plasticity for life history traits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. I. Effect on phenotypic and environmental correlations

Gebhardt, Martin; Stearns, Stephen C.

doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1993.6010001.x

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In spite of this, our observations are remarkably similar to those made by Debat et al using a different set of mutant lines raised at 18°C and 28°C [34]. Beyond this strange pattern, flies were generally larger at lower temperatures, according to multiple findings [16], [17], [19], [21], [25]. Particularly, size increment showed by the control line was comparable to that observed in isofemales lines of D. melanogaster studied in the mentioned works.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Gene-by-Temperature Interactions and Candidate Plasticity Genes for Morphological Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2013

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Understanding the genetic architecture of any quantitative trait requires identifying the genes involved in its expression in different environmental conditions. This goal can be achieved by mutagenesis screens in genetically tractable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature during ontogenesis is an important environmental factor affecting development and phenotypic variation in holometabolous insects. In spite of the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for fitness related traits, its genetic basis has remained elusive. In this context, we analyzed five different adult morphological traits (face width, head width, thorax length, wing size and wing shape) in 42 co-isogenic single P-element insertional lines of Drosophila melanogaster raised at 17°C and 25°C. Our analyses showed that all lines differed from the control for at least one trait in males or females at either temperature. However, no line showed those differences for all traits in both sexes and temperatures simultaneously. In this sense, the most pleiotropic candidate genes were CG34460, Lsd-2 and Spn. Our analyses also revealed extensive genetic variation for all the characters mostly indicated by strong GEIs. Further, our results indicate that GEIs were predominantly explained by changes in ranking order in all cases suggesting that a moderate number of genes are involved in the expression of each character at both temperatures. Most lines displayed a plastic response for at least one trait in either sex. In this regard, P-element insertions affecting plasticity of a large number of traits were associated to the candidate genes Btk29A, CG43340, Drak and jim. Further studies will help to elucidate the relevance of these genes on the morphogenesis of different body structures in natural populations of D. melanogaster.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Gene-by-Temperature Interactions and Candidate Plasticity Genes for Morphological Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2013

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“…The effect of food on wing area in the present study tends to be smaller than in Vijendravarma et al (2011). This is probably because only flies emerging until day 15 were assayed here; late emerging flies on poor food were thus not included in the sample, and within populations the late emerging adults tend to be somewhat smaller (Gebhardt & Stearns, 1993). These caveats notwithstanding, our results demonstrate that the wing traits studied here show plasticity in response to the nutritional stress and responded to selection resulting from it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Adaptation to larval malnutrition does not affect fluctuating asymmetry inDrosophila melanogaster

Vijendravarma

Narasimha

Kawecki

2011

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Both stress during development and response to directional selection were proposed to lead to reduced developmental stability of an organism, commonly measured as fluctuating asymmetry. Here, we investigated the direct physiological (plastic) effect of larval malnutrition and the effect of evolutionary adaptation to this form of stress on developmental stability, measured as fluctuating asymmetry of several wing measurements. The measurements were made on female Drosophila melanogaster from populations which, in the course of 84 generations of experimental evolution, adapted to malnutrition and from non-adapted controls, raised either under standard conditions or under nutritional stress. We detected no changes in the levels of fluctuating asymmetry as either a plastic or an evolutionary response. Thus, neither nutritional stress within lifetime nor directional selection it imposes seems to affect developmental stability in flies.

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“…The general effects of the environment on developmental time and dry weight have been analyzed in detail elsewhere (Gebhardt, 1989;Gebhardt & Stearns, 1993) and only a qualitative account is given here.…”

Section: Results (I) Phenotypic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity for life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. III. Effect of the environment on genetic parameters

Gebhardt¹,

Stearns²

1992

Genet. Res.

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SummaryWe estimated genetic and environmental variance components for developmental time and dry weight at eclosion in Drosophila melanogaster raised in ten different environments (all combinations of 22, 25 and 28 °C and 05, 1 and 4% yeast concentration, and 0-25% yeast at 25 °C). We used six homozygous lines derived from a natural population for complete diallel crosses in each environment. Additive genetic variances were consistently low for both traits (h 2 around 10%). The additive genetic variance of developmental time was larger at lower yeast concentrations, but the heritability did not increase because other components were also larger. The additive genetic effects of the six parental lines changed ranks across environments, suggesting a mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation in heterogenous environments.The variance due to non-directional dominance was small in most environments. However, there was directional dominance in the form of inbreeding depression for both traits. It was pronounced at high yeast levels and temperatures but disappeared when yeast or temperature were decreased. This meant that the heterozygous flies were more sensitive to environmental differences than homozygous flies. Because dominance effects are not heritable, this suggests that the evolution of plasticity can be constrained when dominance effects are important as a mechanism for plasticity.

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Phenotypic plasticity for life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Effect on phenotypic and environmental correlations

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Gene-by-Temperature Interactions and Candidate Plasticity Genes for Morphological Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

Gene-by-Temperature Interactions and Candidate Plasticity Genes for Morphological Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

Adaptation to larval malnutrition does not affect fluctuating asymmetry inDrosophila melanogaster

Phenotypic plasticity for life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. III. Effect of the environment on genetic parameters

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