Phenotypic and molecular diversity of wheat species (Triticum spp.) in relation to plant height and heading time

Abstract

Plant height and heading time are important agronomic traits that significantly contribute to the improvement of wheat adaptability and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of phenotypic variability of these two traits in a collection of wheat species originating from 20 countries, to analyse its molecular diversity based on the microsatellite loci associated with the previously mapped quantitative trait loci, and to estimate potential of microsatellites to detect polymorphism in different wheat species and reveal allelic patterns in relation to the geographical origin. The significant differences in plant height and heading time among different wheat groups were observed, while the differences in means among three different growing seasons were significant only for heading time. The principal coordinate analysis distinguished wheat genotypes by their origin and ploidy level. Wheat varieties from America, South and Southeast Europe, and West and Central Europe had the highest molecular diversity, as was evidenced by the higher number of alleles, number of group-specific alleles, Shannon's information index and gene diversity. The Nei?s genetic identity indicated genetic similarity of geographically distinct groups, such as South and Southeast Europe and Russian (0.901) and South and Southeast Europe and American genotypes (0.638). The studied collection with high observed level of both phenotypic and molecular diversity for plant height and heading time may be a valuable source of variation for wheat breeders to fine adjust these traits to achieve better agronomic performance in certain local environments.

Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes: Genotype × Environment Interaction and Gge Biplot Analysis

“…The lowest grain yield was found at the E1 (5469 kg ha -1 ) location, and the highest grain yield was obtained at the E2 (7251 kg ha -1 ) location (Table 6). Grain yield is a multi-gene controlled trait and is affected by many factors such as the genetic potential of the genotype, the ecology of the region and the applied cultural practices (Kaydan and Yagmur, 2008;Sahin et al, 2016;Aktas et al, 2017;Tekdal et al, 2017;Gungor and Dumlupinar, 2019;Aydogan et al, 2020;Takač et al, 2021). ** Significant at the P < 0.01 probability level, * Significant at the P < 0.05 probability levels.…”

NS Avantura: A new high yielding winter wheat cultivar

“…Na primer, utvrđeno je da je faza vlatanja ključna za formiranje broja zrna po klasu i broja zrna po jedinici površine, dok je period nakon klasanja ključan za nalivanje zrna i formiranje mase hiljadu zrna (Jocković et al ., 2014) . Prema tome, datum klasanja i cvetanja određuje balanas između ove dve faze i usklađuje determinaciju ovih komponenti prinosa (Takač et al ., 2021) . Poređenjem datuma klasanja između sorte Renesansa i sorte NS Avantura tokom dve godine na nekoliko lokaliteta, može se uočiti da razlika iznosi svega 0,2 dana, odnosno da ne postoje značajne razlike između sorte standarda i novostvorenog genotipa (Tabela 1) .…”